首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
医学
British scientists are preparing to launch trials of a radical new way to fight cancer, which kills tumours by infecting them wi
British scientists are preparing to launch trials of a radical new way to fight cancer, which kills tumours by infecting them wi
admin
2015-01-26
44
问题
British scientists are preparing to launch trials of a radical new way to fight cancer, which kills tumours by infecting them with viruses like the common cold.
If successful, virus therapy could eventually form a third pillar alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against cancer, while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects.
Leonard Seymour, a professor of gene therapy at Oxford University, who has been working on the virus therapy with colleagues in London and the US, will lead the trials later this year. Cancer Research UK said yesterday that it was excited by the potential of Prof. Seymour’s pioneering techniques.
One of the country’s leading geneticists, Prof. Seymour has been working with viruses that kill cancer cells directly, while avoiding harm to healthy tissue. "In principle, you’ve got something which could be many times more effective than regular chemotherapy," he said.
Cancer-killing viruses exploit the fact that cancer cells suppress the body’s local immune system. "If a cancer doesn’t do that, the immune system wipes it out. If you can get a virus into a tumour, viruses find them a very good place to be because there’s no immune system to stop them replicating. You can regard it as the cancer’s Achilles’ heel."
Only a small amount of the virus needs to get to the cancer. "They replicate, you get a million copies in each cell and the cell bursts and they infect the tumour cells adjacent and repeat the process," said Prof. Seymour.
Preliminary research on mice shows that the viruses work well on tumours resistant to standard cancer drugs. "It’s an interesting possibility that they may have an advantage in killing drug-resistant tumours, which could be quite different to anything we’ve had before."
Researchers have known for some time that viruses can kill tumour cells and some aspects of the work have already been published in scientific journals. American scientists have previously injected viruses directly into tumours but this technique will not work if the cancer is inaccessible or has spread throughout the body.
Prof. Seymour’s innovative solution is to mask the virus from the body’s immune system, effectively allowing the viruses to do what chemotherapy drugs do — spread through the blood and reach tumours wherever they are. The big hurdle has always been to find a way to deliver viruses to tumours via the bloodstream without the body’s immune system destroying them on the way.
"What we’ve done is make chemical modifications to the virus to put a polymer coat around it - it’s a stealth virus when you inject it," he said.
After the stealth virus infects the tumour, it replicates, but the copies do not have the chemical modifications. If they escape from the tumour, the copies will be quickly recognised and mopped up by the body’s immune system.
The therapy would be especially useful for secondary cancers, called metastases, which sometimes spread around the body after the first tumour appears. "There’s an awful statistic of patients in the west... with malignant cancers; 75% of them go on to die from metastases," said Prof. Seymour.
Two viruses are likely to be examined in the first clinical trials: adenovirus, which normally causes a cold-like illness, and vaccinia, which causes cowpox and is also used in the vaccine against smallpox. For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof. Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses.
The first trials will use uncoated adenovirus and vaccinia and will be delivered locally to liver tumours, in order to establish whether the treatment is safe in humans and what dose of virus will be needed. Several more years of trials will be needed, eventually also on the polymer-coated viruses, before the therapy can be considered for use in the NHS. Though the approach will be examined at first for cancers that do not respond to conventional treatments, Prof. Seymour hopes that one day it might be applied to all cancers.
When the chemical modified virus in tumor replicates, the copies______.
选项
A、will soon escape from the tumor and spread out
B、will be wiped out by the body’s immune system
C、will be immediately recognized by the researchers
D、will eventually stop the tumor from spreading out
答案
B
解析
细节题。见第11段第2句:If they escape from the tumour,the copies will be quickly recognisedand mopped up by the body’s immune system.(如果他们从肿瘤中逃脱,他们会很快被人体的免疫系统识别并消灭掉。)mop up这里与wipe out同义,意思是“消灭,歼灭”。
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.kaotiyun.com/show/iQT3777K
本试题收录于:
医学博士外语题库考研分类
0
医学博士外语
考研
相关试题推荐
Justbeforedawnwereceivedacallthatanunresponsiveinfantwasbeingbroughtbyemergencymedicalservicestoourhospital.
Cultureshockmightbecalledanoccupationaldiseaseofpeoplewhohavebeensuddenlytransplantedabroad.Likemostailments,
A、Thevacationisalmostgone.B、Thevacationhasjuststarted.C、Theyarepreparedforthenewsemester.D、Theycan’twaitfor
A、Inahotel.B、Inthehospital.C、Intheprison.D、Attheairport.B女士提到Mr.Smith将在明天bereleased,bereleased原意为“释放”,这里作“出院”解。
A、Louiseisnotanewcomer.B、Louiselovesbeinganurse.C、Louisedidalotofworkfortheman.D、Louisehasbeenwaitingfor
Someproblemscanbereadilyidentifiedsimplybylookingaround.Theseproblemsconcernthepollutionofourenvironmentbytec
Someproblemscanbereadilyidentifiedsimplybylookingaround.Theseproblemsconcernthepollutionofourenvironmentbytec
A、Shedidn’tdoanythinginparticular.B、ShesentawoundedpersontotheER.C、ShehadtoworkintheER.D、Shewentskiing.C
Researchershaverecentlyfoundaconnectionbetweendiseaseandstressfulsituations.Totestthistheory,psychologistsaretr
A、HenryDurant.B、Sulferino.C、FlorenceNightingale.D、Notmentioned.A文中提到aSwissbusinessmancalledHenriDurant。
随机试题
Itisnousewaitingforhimanylonger.We______gowithouthim.
患者,女性,32岁。证见面色淡白,少气懒言,疲乏无力,形体瘦怯,心悸失眠,肌肤干燥,舌淡苔白,脉细弱。此病机属于气血相互为用的功能失调,具体应为
大跨越档距的测量,通常采用()。
封闭式基金年度利润分配比例不得低于基金年度已实现利润()。
申请人逾期不起诉又不履行行政复议决定的,或者不履行最终裁决的行政复议决定的,其处理方法错误的是()。
下列情形中,免征契税的有()。(2010年)
“干越夷貉之子,生而同声,长而异俗,教使之然也。”这句话反映了下列哪种因素对人发展的作用?()
唐朝时,中日文化交流最杰出的使者是()。
①人一上年纪,就会觉得“记性越来越差”,真是这样吗?②人的脑神经细胞在出生时数量最多,约有1000亿个。随着人的发育,脑细胞逐渐减少,每天要减少数万个,也就是说每秒钟都要减少一个。人们认为,随着脑神经细胞越来越少,记忆力就会降低。但是,在1000亿个神经
该企业2014年四个季度同比产量增长速度最大的是()。
最新回复
(
0
)