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  3. The first technological revolution in modern biology started when James Watson and Francis Crick described the structure of DNA

The first technological revolution in modern biology started when James Watson and Francis Crick described the structure of DNA

admin2011-02-25  74
问题     The first technological revolution in modern biology started when James Watson and Francis Crick described the structure of DNA half a century ago. That established the fields of molecular and cell biology, the basis of the biotechnology industry. The sequencing of the human genome nearly a decade ago set off a second revolution which has started to illuminate the origins of diseases.
    Now the industry is convinced that a third revolution is under way: the convergence of biology and engineering. A recent report from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology says that physical sciences have already been transformed by their adoption of information technology, advanced materials, imaging, nanotechnolugy and sophisticated modelling and simulation. Phillip Sharp, a Nobel prize-winner at that university, believes that those tools are about to be brought to bear on biology too.
    But the chances are that this will take time, and turn out to be more of a reformation than a revolution. The conventional health-care systems of the rich world may resist new technologies even as poor countries leapfrog ahead. There is already a backlash against genomics, which has been oversold to consumers as a deterministic science. And given soaring health-care costs, insurers and health systems may not want to adopt new technologies unless inventors can show conclusively that they will produce better outcomes and offer value for money.
    If these obstacles can be overcome, then the biggest winner will be the patient. In the past medicine has taken a paternalistic stance, with the all-knowing physician dispensing wisdom from on high, but that is becoming increasingly untenable. Digitisation promises to connect doctors not only to everything they need to know about their patients but also to other doctors who have treated similar disorders. That essential reform will enable many other big technological changes to be introduced.
    Just as important, it can make that information available to the patients too, empowering them to play a bigger part in managing their own health affairs. This is controversial, and with good reason. Many doctors, and some patients, reckon they lack the knowledge to make informed decisions. But patients actually know a great deal about many diseases, especially chronic ones like diabetes and heart problems with which they often live for many years. The best way to deal with those is for individuals to take more responsibility for their own health and prevent problems before they require costly hospital visits. That means putting electronic health records directly into patients’ hands.  
What will patients probably do with their chronic diseases in the future?
选项 A、They will manage their own health affairs.
B、They will prevent problems before getting ill.
C、They will have more communications with doctors.
D、They will make their own electronic health records.
答案D
解析 事实细节题。根据题干中的chronic diseases将答案定位在最后一段。[A]是对最后一段首句的错误推断。文章提到，病人将能在处理自己的健康事务上发挥更大作用，而不是完全由他们自己处理。[B]项所述与题干相矛盾。题干问的是慢性病患者如何处理自己的疾病，而[B]项却说在患病之前进行预防。既然是患者，还如何避免自己得病?故排除该项。[C]项内容也是错误推断。第三句提到，病人和医生都承认，他们缺少做出合理决定的信息，而不是缺乏病人与患者之间的交流，这些信息在将来是可以通过互联网获得的。[D]项是对文章最后一句话的同义转述，慢性病人会自己制作自己的电子健康记录。
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