2. 外语
  3. 1925年2月24日，国父孙中山病危时，留下一段《家事遗嘱》： “余因尽瘁国事，不治家产。其所遗之书籍、衣物、住宅等均付吾妻宋庆龄，以为纪念。余之儿女已长成能自立，望各自爱，以继余志。此嘱。” 中山先生艰苦奋斗40年，功勋卓然。但终身廉洁，

1925年2月24日，国父孙中山病危时，留下一段《家事遗嘱》： “余因尽瘁国事，不治家产。其所遗之书籍、衣物、住宅等均付吾妻宋庆龄，以为纪念。余之儿女已长成能自立，望各自爱，以继余志。此嘱。” 中山先生艰苦奋斗40年，功勋卓然。但终身廉洁，

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问题     1925年2月24日，国父孙中山病危时，留下一段《家事遗嘱》：
    “余因尽瘁国事，不治家产。其所遗之书籍、衣物、住宅等均付吾妻宋庆龄，以为纪念。余之儿女已长成能自立，望各自爱，以继余志。此嘱。”
    中山先生艰苦奋斗40年，功勋卓然。但终身廉洁，从未为自己和子女亲属置办过田地遗产。他任过国家临时大总统，官可谓高矣，然而从不追求俸禄。临终留下的遗物只有生前的一些衣物，2000多本书籍杂志，还有一所旅居加拿大的华侨为他募捐的住宅。
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答案 Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the founding father of the Republic of China, made the following will regarding his family affairs on February 24,1925, as he was dying of illness: "Dedicated as I have been to the national affairs, it is understandable that I have been unable to build up my family properties. I hereby leave my books, clothes as well as my house to my wife, Song Chingling as mementos. As for my children, who are all grownups and should be able to support themselves, I could only wish that they conduct themselves well so as to carry out my unfinished endeavor." For forty years, Dr. Sun Yat-sen worked and struggled for the thriving of the Chinese nation. Despite the fact that his revolutionary exploits were monumental, he lived a life clean and honest until his death. Never had he purchased any land or property either for himself or for any of his family members. It is true that he once served as the Republic of China’s provisional president. In fact, as head of state, he had never sought nor enjoyed a high emolument. It is small wonder therefore that what he left behind upon his death were nothing except some 2000 books and magazines, plus a residence which had been collectively contributed to him by the Chinese expatriates in Canada.
解析     本篇节选自《廉洁的遗嘱》。这段文字要译成英文似乎并不太难，但要注意汉译英过程中的增删或重组。如同傅雷先生曾经说过，  “外文都是分析的，散文的，中文却是综合的，诗的。这两个不同的美学原则使双方的词汇不容易凑合。”汉译英的最终目的是要让外国读者理解中文所传达的本来意思和真实信息，正确领会中文所包含的理念。因此，汉译英的一个大忌便是只求表面的对等。
国父孙中山：  “国父”不能照字面意思翻译，这个“国父”特指“中华民国的创始人”。孙中山先生的名字的英译在国际上已是约定俗成了的，不能按汉语拼音拼写成“Mr．Sun Zhongshan”，那样反而会显得不伦不类。此处“国父”即“孙中山”，同位关系。故译为“Dr. Sun Yat—sen，the founding father of the Republic of China”。
病危时：as he was dying of illness。
余因尽瘁国事，不治家产：意为“我为国家大事鞠躬尽瘁，因此我没有为自己的家庭置办财产是情理之中”。故译为“dedicated as I have been to the national affairs，it is understandable that I have been unable to build up my family properties”。
望各自爱，以继余志：  “以继余志”指“完成我未完成的事业”，故译为“I could only wish that they conduct themselves well so as to carry out my unfinished endeavor.”。
中山先生艰苦奋斗40年：对外国读者来说，如不提供一点背景知识或解释，他们对“艰苦奋斗”也许会茫茫然。其实，这里指中山先生为中华民族的复兴艰苦奋斗。
故增译为“For forty years，Dr．Sun Yat—sen worked and struggled for the thriving of the Chinese nation．”。
功勋卓然。但终身廉洁：中文虽用句号断开，但前后两句是转折关系，可以译为一句：“Despite the fact that his revolutionary exploits were monumental，he lived a life clean and honest until his death．”。
从未为自己和子女亲属置办过田地遗产：此处强调孙中山先生的清廉，可以将否定词放在句首：  “Never had he purchased any land or property either for himself or for any of his family members．”。
他任过国家临时大总统：  “国家临时大总统”要译成“中华民国临时大总统”才确切。故译为“It is true that he once served as the Republic of China’s provisional president．”。
官可谓高矣：意为“官高至国家元首”，即“as head of state”。
只有：nothing except。
旅居加拿大的华侨：译为“the Chinese expatriates in Canada”，其中“expatriate”表示“person living outside his own country(居于国外之人；侨民)”。
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