首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
"Once the rockets are up, who cares where they come down? That’s not my department," said Wernher von Braun, the pioneer rocket
"Once the rockets are up, who cares where they come down? That’s not my department," said Wernher von Braun, the pioneer rocket
admin
2022-11-01
72
问题
"Once the rockets are up, who cares where they come down? That’s not my department," said Wernher von Braun, the pioneer rocket scientist who worked after 1945, with equal enthusiasm, for NASA. Now a rather different mathematician, Hannah Fry, has called for a Hippocratic Oath for scientists and technologists to help them carry constantly in their minds the ethical consequences of their work. This is a proposal that deserves serious consideration: if it achieves nothing else, it will help to dispel the idea that technologies like software development are in themselves morally neutral, so that ethics, or morality, can be dealt with by someone else. Those who send the rockets up need to think carefully about where they might come down.
There are three obvious issues with her plan. The first is "Whose ethics? Which rationality?" There is no single, universal code of ethics to which all scientists around the world subscribe and the wars of the 20th century show how quickly many could be recruited to weapons research in the name of defending civilisation. And absolute pacifism has not been a feature of earlier efforts at scientific ethics. The philosopher Karl Popper proposed in 1969 an oath for all students of science; even then, he could, and did, justify some work on nuclear weapons.
The second problem is the extreme difficulty of foreseeing the uses to which pure research can be put. There have been a few occasions in recent times when scientists have drawn back from research until some at least of the ethical consequences of its application have become clearer: the suspension of genetic engineering in the Asilomar conference is the most celebrated. But fundamental research has uses far beyond the imagination of the people who carry it out. No one could blame Alan Turing for YouTube’s role in stirring up extremism.
Beyond this horizon of ignorance appears what might be called a horizon of influence: any one individual can only accomplish a limited amount compared to the forces of states and huge businesses. Tim Berners-Lee, who invented the web, is horrified by some of the ways in which it has developed but he has been powerless to stop them. It’s true that collective action can have effects, but these are limited. A revulsion among the workers at Google has so far stopped the company from cooperating with the US immigration service. It has not stopped its YouTube algorithms from corrupting politics in Brazil. Any effective moral action must come from corporations as a whole, not just some of their workers.
But for all these drawbacks, this is still a worthwhile idea. The choice between individual and collective ethics is not either-or. Both are needed. The dominant ideal of the last decades has been boundless selfishness, both individual and corporate. Whatever helps to put limits on that is not just desirable but essential.
The Asilomar conference is mentioned in the text to indicate _
选项
A、the hard effort to implement a genetic engineering project
B、the necessity to focus on the ethical effect of science
C、the full control over the uses of fundamental research
D、Alan Turing’s responsibility for provoking extremism
答案
B
解析
根据题干关键信息The Asilomar conference定位至第三段第二句。该句提到,近几年,已经出现好几次科学家退出研究的事例,相关研究至少要等到一些研究应用的伦理后果变得更加清晰之后才能继续,其中最受关注的就是阿西洛马会议上对基因工程相关研究的暂停。由此可知,一些科学研究应用的伦理后果亟待引起关注。选项[B]the necessity to focus on the ethical effect of science“关注科学伦理效应的必要性”与此意思相符,故为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.kaotiyun.com/show/hMMD777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,youshould1)describethechart,and2)giveyourcomments.Yous
Skepticsofhighereducationoftencomplainthatuniversitiesoffertoomanyboringdegreeswithlittlevalueintheworkplace.【
Skepticsofhighereducationoftencomplainthatuniversitiesoffertoomanyboringdegreeswithlittlevalueintheworkplace.【
Skepticsofhighereducationoftencomplainthatuniversitiesoffertoomanyboringdegreeswithlittlevalueintheworkplace.【
Skepticsofhighereducationoftencomplainthatuniversitiesoffertoomanyboringdegreeswithlittlevalueintheworkplace.【
Skepticsofhighereducationoftencomplainthatuniversitiesoffertoomanyboringdegreeswithlittlevalueintheworkplace.【
SupposeyouarepreparingforCET-6andneedsomereferencebooks.Writeanemailtothesalesdepartmentofabookstore,to1)
Thinnerisn’talwaysbetter.Anumberofstudieshave【C1】________thatnormal-weightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomedi
Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonworkforceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.Humanresourcemanagementisn
Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonworkforceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.Humanresourcemanagementisn
随机试题
下列关于麻疹治疗护理的注意事项中,错误的是
导致尿路感染最常见的致病菌是
患者女,32岁,初孕。孕7月出现双下肢水肿,经休息不消退,仅1个月出现头晕、头痛,自服止痛药缓解。无诱因突发阴道流血量同月经,伴持续性腹痛,急诊来院。体格检查T37℃,心率100/min,Bp160/100mmHg,心肺检查未见异常,妊娠腹型。诊断:妊娠期
根据《建设工程项目管理规范》(GB/T50326—2006),项目实施前,企业法定代表应与施工项目经理协商制定()。
某毛纺厂从澳大利亚进口羊毛20t,双方约定标准回潮率为11%,而实测得该批羊毛的实际回潮率为25%,这样,该批羊毛的公量应为()。
中国近代第一所国人自办的女子教育机构是()
Peopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismigh
有以下程序#include<stdio.h>intfun(){staticintx=1;x+=1;returnx;}main(){inti,s=1;for(i=1;i<=5;i++)s+=fun();printf("%
Sixyearslater,inanabout-face,theFBIadmitsthatfederalagentsfiredteargascanisterscapableofcausingafireatthe
CouldFoodShortagesBringDownCivilization?A)FormanyyearsIhavestudiedglobalagricultural,population,environmenta
最新回复
(
0
)