2. 外语
  3. Not all decisions are alike. Nor is every decision made in the same manner. Although some actions you undertake derive their bas

Not all decisions are alike. Nor is every decision made in the same manner. Although some actions you undertake derive their bas

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问题     Not all decisions are alike. Nor is every decision made in the same manner. Although some actions you undertake derive their basis from newly made decisions, there are other instances when decision making does not really take place. The latter, according to Deacon and Firebaugh, may involve routine, programmed, impulsive or intuitive action. When you wake up in the morning and prepare to attend class do you consciously make decisions about such things as which side of your hair to comb first, how to brush your teeth, or which shoe to put on first? Probably not. Although you may have made a conscious decision about what you were going to wear to class, you probably didn’t spend any time in making a decision about how to get ready to attend class. Every individual has certain habits or routine behaviors. Although they originated from decisions made at an earlier time in your life, you no longer consciously make these decisions each time you undertake this type of action.
    Routine plans or actions serve a useful purpose in your daily life and management. How long would it take you to get up, get ready, and walk to class if you had to make separate decisions for each action you take? You use routine plans or actions as resources to make new decisions.
    In addition to the habitual behaviors or routines you follow, you also have certain specific actions you undertake in a given situation. These are called programmed decisions. Programmed decisions are different from routines. Routine plans or actions are patterns of behavioral actions repeatedly undertaken on a consistent and regular basis. Programmed decisions, on the other hand, utilize your past experience in a similar situation. For instance, you know you are going to have a test. Your method of studying for this test will be done using your knowledge of a similar experience. The degree of success previously achieved will be a determinant in how, when, where, and the length of time you study for this test.
    Programmed decisions, like routines, are a resource in your management. When the action undertaken proves to be successful you repeat the same action the next time a similar situation occurs. This successful achievement, measured by the satisfaction you received, determines when and the extent to which you modify the original decision before employing it again in other like situations.
    Both routine and programmed decisions serve useful purposes. They act as resources by eliminating the need to make new decisions. They also evaluate managerial action. The success you achieve enables you to by-pass or minimize the use of the decision-making process.
Programmed decisions differ from routines in that______.
选项 A、they can bring people a lot of trouble
B、they may be used to evaluate managerial action
C、they can use the previous experience in a like situation
D、they are on a consistent and regular basis
答案C
解析 本题是一道具体细节题。问经验决策与惯例的不同点是什么。根据文章第三段，经验决策与惯例不同。惯例计划或惯例行为是以一致性、定期性为基础的，并反复进行的行为活动方式。而经验决策则利用人们过去的在类似情况下处理问题的经验。因此，本题的正确答案应是C。
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