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  3. Justice in society must include both a fair trial to the accused and the selection of an appropriate punishment for those proven

Justice in society must include both a fair trial to the accused and the selection of an appropriate punishment for those proven

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问题     Justice in society must include both a fair trial to the accused and the selection of an appropriate punishment for those proven guilty. Because justice is regarded as one form of equality, we find in its earlier expressions the idea of a punishment equal to the crime. Recorded in the Old Testament is the expression "an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth". That is, the individual who has done wrong has committed an offense against society. To make up for this offense, society must get just. This can be done only by inflicting an equal injury upon him. It is illustrated when we demand the death penalty for a person who has committed murder.
    And this philosophy of punishment was supported by the German idealist Hegel. He believed that society owed it to the criminal to administer a punishment equal to the crime he had committed. To the murderer nothing less than giving up his own life will pay his debt.
    Modern jurists have tried to replace retributive justice with the notion of corrective justice. The aim of the latter is not to abandon the concept of equality but to find a more adequate way to express it. It tries to preserve the idea of equal opportunity for each individual to realize the best that is in him. The criminal is regarded as being socially ill and in need of treatment that will enable him to become a normal member of society. Before a treatment can be administered, the cause of his antisocial behavior must be found. If the cause can be removed, provisions must be made to have this done. Only those criminals who are incurable should be permanently separated from the rest of society. If severe punishment  is the only adequate means for accomplishing this, it should be administered.
    However, the individual should be given every opportunity to assume a normal place in society. His conviction(定罪)of crime must not deprive him of the opportunity to make his way in the society of which he is a part.
The passage implies that the basic difference between retributive justice and corrective justice is the______.
选项 A、type of crime that was proven
B、severity for the punishment
C、reason for the sentence
D、outcome of the trial
答案C
解析 概括题。本题问 retributive justice 和 corrective justice的基本区别是什么? 通过对1～2段和3～4段的大意进行概括，可以看出二者的区别。此外，第三段第一、二句提到"The aim of the latter (指 retributive justice) is not to abandon the concept of equality but to find a more adequate way to express it"(治病救人法不是意味着放弃平等的思想，而是在于用更加合理的方法来对其进行表达)，因此C项“为惩罚给出更加合理的理由和解释"正确。
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大学英语四级

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