首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
(1) Many thoughtful parents want to shield their children from feelings of guilt or shame in much the same way that they want to
(1) Many thoughtful parents want to shield their children from feelings of guilt or shame in much the same way that they want to
admin
2018-06-29
92
问题
(1) Many thoughtful parents want to shield their children from feelings of guilt or shame in much the same way that they want to spare them from fear. Guilt and shame as methods of discipline are to be eschewed along with raised hands and leather straps. Fear, guilt and shame as methods of moral instruction are seen as failures in decent parenting. Parents want their children to be happy and how can you feel happy when you are feeling guilty, fearful or ashamed? If we were really convinced that using fear, guilt or shame as methods of discipline worked, though, we might be more ready to use them as techniques. But we aren’t convinced that this is the case. We won’t have more socially responsible people if fear, guilt and shame are part of their disciplinary diet as children. Instead, we will simply have unhappy people. Responsible behavior has nothing to do with the traditional methods of raising moral children.
(2) This doesn’t mean that guilt isn’t an important feeling. It is. Guilt helps keep people on the right moral track. But guilt is a derivative emotion, one that follows from having violated an internalized moral standard. This is far different than making someone feel guilty in order to create the standard in the first instance.
(3) My wife once edited a magazine about hunger. A view held by many associated with the sponsoring organization claimed: You can’t get people to give money to starving children by making them feel guilty. So the magazine didn’t show pictures of starving children, children with doleful eyes. Instead, there were photos of women in the fields, portraits of peasant farmers and pictures of political organizers. But the publishers weren’t completely right about believing that guilt-inducing pictures don’t lead to moral action. In fact, it was the graphic pictures of starving children in Somalia that called the world’s attention to the dire situation there. The power of television is that it does bring images of others’ tragedies directly into our home. No rational analysis can do the same. When we are moved to pity, we should also be moved to action.
(4) If we don’t do anything, then we feel guilty. We become part of the problem we see and feel guilty for letting bad things happen to people. How can I, good person that I am, let this continue? What have pricked the conscience here are guilty feelings.
(5) Guilty feelings arise when we have violated a moral norm that we accept as valid. A person who feels guilty, notes philosopher Herbert Morris, is one who has internalized norms and, as such, is committed to avoiding wrong. The mere fact that the wrong is believed to have occurred, regardless of who bears responsibility for it, naturally causes distress. When we are attached to a person, injury to that person causes us pain regardless of who or what has occasioned the injury. We needn’t believe that we had control over hurting (or not helping) another person in order to feel guilty.
(6) Psychologists Nico Frijda and Batja Mesquita of the University of Amsterdam find that people feel guilty about having harmed someone even when it was accidental. Nearly half the people they interviewed felt guilty for having caused unintended harm, such as hurting one’s mother when leaving home to marry.
(7) Unintentional harm may lead to as strong guilty feelings as intentional harm. In other words, being careless is as much a source of guilt as intentional harm. We say, If only I had been more careful, If only I had paid more attention, If only I were a better driver. The fact that a court may not even bring charges against you in the first place may help to assuage some of the pain but it doesn’t remove all the feelings of guilt.
(8) The feeling is useful in so far as it makes us more cautious, makes us better drivers or moves us to socially responsible action. The sociopath never experiences such feelings and therefore poses a danger to society; the neurotic experiences so much of it that he can’t function normally in society.
(9) Feeling guilty for harm you have caused when you aren’t responsible is possible because there is a more generalized readiness to accept responsibility for your actions. Guilt arises when we think we have had choices and then have made the wrong moral choice. Guilt and responsibility appear to go together. If we do harm and feel no guilty, then we don’t believe we are responsible for what we’ve done. This means that we see ourselves as victims—of circumstances, of coercion, of ignorance and so forth.
(10) Remember that people who think of themselves as victims do so because they believe they have no control over events in their lives. They don’t feel responsible and therefore don’t feel guilty either. Several tactics can be used in disavowing responsibility: following the crowd, it is someone else’s problem, it was done under coercion.
(11) None of us is perfect and that we live in an imperfect world. This means that we can’t avoid hurting others. If we accept this, then we have to accept guilty feelings as a consequence of being moral people.
People will feel painful when a person______is hurt no matter what causes the injury.
选项
A、they know
B、they love
C、they hate
D、they value
答案
B
解析
细节题。第五段倒数第二句指出,当我们喜爱一个人时,他(她)所受到的伤害使我们感到心痛而不管是什么引起的伤害,故[B]为答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.kaotiyun.com/show/gbEK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
PassageThreeWhatisthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?
PassageFourWhat’sthecharacterofBritishaccordingtotheauthor?
PassageThreeWhatqualitydoesVirginiuslackaccordingtoParagraphThree?
PassageTwo
FromtheChryslerCorporationtotheCentralIntelligenceAgency,culturaldiversityprogramsareflourishinginAmericanorgani
Thosesettingmigrationpolicyinrichcountriesfaceanalmostimpossibletask.Thedemandsofdemographyandeconomics—shrinki
DavidCameronhasnoticedthathealthandsafetyregulationsstopschoolstakingchildrenoutonfieldtrips,outdooractivitie
Cellscannotremainaliveoutsidecertainlimitsoftemperatureandmuchnarrowerlimitsmarktheboundariesofeffectivefunc
Cellscannotremainaliveoutsidecertainlimitsoftemperatureandmuchnarrowerlimitsmarktheboundariesofeffectivefunc
Theimagewasfascinating,asjusticeJohnPaulStevens,aChicagonative,presentedit.Agangmemberandhisfatherarehangi
随机试题
如何利用学习动机与学习效果互动关系来培养学习需要?
可杀灭结核分枝杆菌的条件是()。
癌症三阶梯止痛疗法将癌症疼痛程度分为
具有行气止痛、温肾散寒作用的药物是具有行气止痛、杀虫疗癣作用的药物是
设备购置费组成为()。
Thevoyagechartermeansthatthevesselisputatthedisposalofthechartererforacertainperiodemploymentwithoutanycr
A、 B、 C、 D、 A两组图形中相应的图形内部阴影图案和方向一致。
以下关于虚拟局域网的描述中,哪个是错误的()。
下列关于奔腾芯片技术的叙述中,正确的是______。
Peoplewholiveinheavilyindustrializedareasdonotgetasmuchsunlightastheyshould.Dust【1】overacityataltitudes(海拔)
最新回复
(
0
)