2. 外语
  3. Excess inventory, a massive problem for many businesses, has several causes, some of which are unavoidable. Overstocks may accum

Excess inventory, a massive problem for many businesses, has several causes, some of which are unavoidable. Overstocks may accum

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问题     Excess inventory, a massive problem for many businesses, has several causes, some of which are unavoidable. Overstocks may accumulate through production overruns or errors. Certain styles and colors prove unpopular. With some products—computers and software, toys, and books—last year s models are difficult to move even at huge discounts. Occasionally the competition introduces a better product. But in many cases the public’s buying tastes simply change, leaving a manufacturer or distributor with thousands(or mil- lions)of items that the fickle public no longer wants.
    One common way to dispose of this merchandise is to sell it to a liquidator, who buys as cheaply as possible and then resells the merchandise through catalogs, discount stores, and other outlets. However, liquidators may pay less for the merchandise than it cost to make it. Another way to dispose of excess in- ventory is to dump it. The corporation takes a straight cost write-off on its taxes and hauls the merchandise to a landfill. Although it is hard to believe, there is a sort of convoluted logic to this ap- proach. It is perfectly legal, requires little time or preparation on the company’s part, and solves the problem quickly. The drawback is the remote possibility of getting caught by the news media. Dumping perfectly useful products can turn into a public relations nightmare. Children living in poverty are freezing and XYZ Company has just sent 500 new snowsuits to the local dump. Parents of young children are barely getting by and QPS Company dumps 1,000 cases of disposable diapers because they have slight imperfections. The managers of these companies are not deliberately wasteful; they are simply unaware of all their alternatives. In 1976 the Internal Revenue Service provided a tangible incentive for businesses to contribute their products to charity. The new tax law allowed corporations to deduct the cost of the product donated plus half the difference between cost and fair market selling price, with the proviso that deductions cannot exceed twice cost. Thus, the federal government sanctions—indeed, encourages;—an above-cost federal tax deduction for companies that donate inventory to charity.
By asserting that manufacturers "are simply unaware"(lines 45 - 46), the author suggests which of the following?
选项 A、Manufacturers might donate excess inventory to charity rather than dump it if they knew about the provision in the federal tax code.
B、The federal government has failed to provide sufficient encouragement to manufacturers to make use of advantageous tax policies.
C、Manufacturers who choose to dump excess inventory are not aware of the possible effects on their reputation of media coverage of such dumping.
D、The manufacturers of products disposed of by dumping are unaware of the needs of those people who would find the products useful.
E、The manufacturers who dump their excess inventory are not familiar with the employment of liquidators to dispose of overstock.
答案A
解析 作者在L45—46指出制造者“不明白”一点，是想指出下面哪点?A．如果制造者知道联邦税法的规定，他们就会将过剩产品捐给慈善机构，而不是倾倒掉。正确。作者最后一段的主张就是这句话所概括。B．联邦政府没有对生产者利用新税法做出鼓励。原文与此相反。C．“reputation of media”是上一段的内容。D．与原文叙述不符。E．倾倒生产者不知清算商的作用。说反了，正是清算商不理想，才想起倾倒方式。
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