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  3. Mass transportation revised the social and economic fabric of the American city in three fundamental ways. It catalyzed physical

Mass transportation revised the social and economic fabric of the American city in three fundamental ways. It catalyzed physical

admin2010-06-11  80
问题     Mass transportation revised the social and economic fabric of the American city in three fundamental ways. It catalyzed physical expansion, it sorted out people and land uses, and it accelerated the inherent instability of urban life. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant form city centers than they were in the pre-modern era. In 1850, for example, the borders of Boston lay scarcely two miles from the old business district; by the turn of the century the radius extended ten miles. Now those who could afford it could live far removed from the old city center and still commute there for work, shopping, and entertainment. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250 000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas. Over the same period, another 550 000 were plotted outside the city limits but within the metropolitan area. Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800 000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in lust thirty years-- lots that could have housed five to six million people.
    Of course, many were never occupied; there was always a huge surplus of subdivided, but vacant, land around Chicago and other cities. These excesses underscore a feature of residential expansion related to the growth of mass transportation: urban sprawl was essentially unplanned. It was carried out by thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or to future land users. Those who purchased and prepared land for residential purposes, particularly land near or outside city borders where transit lines and middle-class inhabitants were anticipated, did so to create demand as much as to respond to it. Chicago is a prime example of this process. Real estate subdivision there proceeded much faster than population growth.
What is true about the pre-modern era?
选项 A、People feel worried about taking omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electric trolleys.
B、People are eager to live and shop in the far away place.
C、Middle class group tends to move out of the city
D、There is an exploration in urban population, esp. very large cities.
答案D
解析 题目问的是在现代社会出现前，哪些陈述是正确的，那么根据文章第一段第三句就可以得知“By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion，the omnibuses，horse railways，commuter trains，and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant form city centers than they were in the pre-modern era．”由于大量未开发土地的拓展，使得人们大量使用公交，这样缄市中心向外拓展的比例是现代社会出现前的两到三倍。因此 A中提到的人们担心使用公交文中没有提到，是错误的。同样的道理，B人们想去远处购物和生活和C中产阶级想搬到城外去住文中也没有涉及，因此只有选D。
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