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  3. Hearing loss is normally associated with old age or years of touring in a rock band. But preventable noise-induced hearing loss

Hearing loss is normally associated with old age or years of touring in a rock band. But preventable noise-induced hearing loss

admin2019-08-08  32
问题    Hearing loss is normally associated with old age or years of touring in a rock band. But preventable noise-induced hearing loss is actually pretty common in the general population, affecting around 15% of Americans according to the National Institute of Deafness and Communication Disorders (NIDCD).
   When that damage is done to the sensory hair cells in the ear, people can’t regenerate them, so the damage is permanent, explains John Oghalai, professor of otolaryngology at Stanford University and director of the Children’s Hearing Center at Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford. 【F1】While there is ongoing research into finding ways to regenerate sensory hair cells and improve cochlear (耳蜗) implants, there is no perfect solution to hearing loss right now, which makes the need to lessen our exposure to loud noise that much more important.
   Even if New Yorkers can avoid loud restaurants, 5.7 million people travel by subway each weekday. 【F2】While the noise inside a subway car is only 75-85 decibels (分贝)—provided no one is shouting and there are no performers—the noise of a train passing the station is another matter. In Times Square, one of the busiest subway stations in the city, the noise level ranges from 80 decibels to 96 decibels when the express trains barrel through the station.
   Everyday city noises are impossible to avoid but there are a few things people can do to help prevent from hearing damage. It can be a good idea to use foam earplugs if you are stuck waiting for the express train. The same rule applies to loud concerts, says Oghalai.
   【F3】For headphones, there is a simple rule: if you can hear someone else’s music when they have them on, the volume is too loud, Oghalai says. For eating out, there are now noise ratings included in many restaurant reviews.
   Companies like Apple provide a function to limit the maximum volume on their devices if you are concerned as well.
   【F4】From daily commutes, to eating out to sitting in your apartment and hearing the honking of cars from a sixth-storey window, New York is full of noise no matter where you go.
   But for those who can get out of the city, there is somewhere nearby they can go for quiet. 【F5】In the suburbs, the sound inside a house in upstate New York with the soothing hum of central air and two elderly dogs panting in the background is a relaxing 33 decibels.
【F3】
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答案欧哈莱说，对于判断耳机音量大小，有一条简单的法则：有人戴着耳机听歌，如果你能听到他耳机里的音乐声，说明耳机音量非常大。
解析 ①本句由两个分句构成。②分句，1是there be结构句型，冒号后面的分句2是对a simple rule的内容作具体说明。③分句2包含一个if引导的条件状语从句，在此从句中又嵌套一个时间状语从句(when they have them on)，them指代的是句子开头提及的headphones。条件状语从句的主句为主系表结构。
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