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  3. I’ve often wondered how exactly sleep, or lack of it, can have such an awful effect on our bodies and, guess what, how much we s

I’ve often wondered how exactly sleep, or lack of it, can have such an awful effect on our bodies and, guess what, how much we s

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问题    I’ve often wondered how exactly sleep, or lack of it, can have such an awful effect on our bodies and, guess what, how much we sleep switches good genes on and bad genes off.
   In the first half of 2013, the Sleep Research Centre at the University of Surrey found a direct link between hours spent sleeping and genes. Every cell in our bodies carries genetic instructions in our DNA that act as a kind of operating handbook. However, each cell only "reads" the part of this handbook it needs at any given moment.
   Can sleep affect how a gene reads instructions? It’s a question asked by Professor Derk-Jan Dijk at the University of Surrey. He set up an experiment and asked his volunteers to spend a week sleeping around seven and a half hours to eight hours a night and the next sleeping six and a half to seven hours.
   Blood samples were taken each week to compare which genes in blood cells were being used during the long and short nights. The results were rather surprising. Several hundred genes changed in the amount they were being used, including some that are linked to heart disease, cancer, and Type 2 diabetes. Genes to do with cell repair and replacement were used much less.
   Sleep restriction (six and a half to seven hours a night) changed 380 genes. Of these, 220 genes were down regulated (their power was reduced), while 160 were up regulated (their power was increased). Those affected included body-clock genes which are linked to diabetes. One of the most downgraded genes is that which has a role in controlling insulin and is linked to diabetes and insomnia. The most upgraded gene is linked to heart disease.
   So changing sleep by tiny amounts can upgrade or downgrade genes that can influence our health and the diseases we suffer from when we sleep too little.
   The important message is that getting close to eight hours of sleep a night can make a dramatic difference to our health in just a few days through the way it looks after our genes.
Which of the following may be concluded from the passage?
选项 A、The experiment was performed at the University of Surrey in early 2013.
B、Body-clock genes are associated with heart disease, cancer and Type 2 diabetes.
C、Sleep restrictions may contribute to disease like diabetes, insomnia, and heart disease.
D、7.5-8 hours’ sleep pattern makes little difference compared with 6.5-7 hours’ sleep pattern.
答案C
解析 推断题。根据第五段内容可知，睡眠时间不足可能引起人体基因的变化，而这些基因变化可以导致人体某些病症的产生，如糖尿病、失眠症、心脏病等，故C项正确。文章第二段的第一句话中虽然提到了“In the first half of 2013”和“at the University of Surrey”，但这里指的是英国萨里大学睡眠研究中心的一项发现，而不是指后来Derk-Jan Dijk教授所进行的实验，故A项不正确。文中提到了body-clock genes(控制生物钟的基因)与糖尿病有关，并没有提到它们和其他疾病的关系，故B项不正确。根据倒数第二段“So changing sleep by tiny amounts can upgrade or downgrade genes that can influence our health…”及最后一段“The important message is that getting close to eight hours of sleep a night can make a dramatic difference to our health…”可知D项不正确。故本题选C。
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