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  3. Pity those who aspire to put the initials Ph.D after their names. After 16 years of closely supervised education, prospective do

Pity those who aspire to put the initials Ph.D after their names. After 16 years of closely supervised education, prospective do

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问题    Pity those who aspire to put the initials Ph.D after their names. After 16 years of closely supervised education, prospective doctors of philosophy are left more or less alone to write the equivalent of a large book. Most social-science postgraduates have still not completed their theses by the time their grant runs out after three years. They must then get a job and finish in their spare time, which can often take a further three. By then, most new doctors are sick to death of the narrowly defined subject, which has blighted their holidays and mined their evenings.
   The Economic and Social Research Council, which gives grants to postgraduate social scientists, wants to get better value for money by cutting short this agony. It would like to see faster completion rates: until recently, only about 25% of Ph.D candidates were finishing within four years. The ESRC’S response has been to stop Ph.D grants to all institutions where the proportion taking less than four years is below 10%; in the first year of this policy the national average shot up to 39%. The ESRC feels vindicated in its toughness, and will progressively raise the threshold to 40% in two years. Unless completion rates improve further, this would exclude 55 out of 73 universities and polytechnics -- including Oxford University, the London School of Economics and the London Business School.
   Predictably, howls of protest have come from the universities, who view the blacklisting of whole institutions as arbitrary and negative. They point out that many of the best students go quickly into jobs where they can apply their research skills, but consequently take longer to finish their theses. Polytechnics with as few as two Ph.D candidates complain that they are penalized by random fluctuations in student performance. The colleges say there is no hard evidence to prove that faster completion rates result from greater efficiency rather than lower standards or less ambitious doctoral topics.
   The ESRC thinks it might not be a bad thing if Ph.D students were more modest in their aims. It would prefer to see more systematic teaching of research skills and fewer unrealistic expectations placed on young men and women who are undertaking their first piece of serious research. So in future its grants will be given only where it is convinced that students are being trained as researchers, rather than carrying out purely knowledge-based studies.
   The ESRC cannot dictate the standard of thesis required by external examiners, or force departments to give graduates more teaching time. The most it can do is to try to persuade universities to change their ways. Recalcitrant professors should note that students want more research training and a less elaborate style of thesis, too.
Oxford University would be excluded out of those universities that receive Ph.D grants from______
选项 A、25%
B、39%
C、55%
D、10%
答案B
解析 根据文章第二段内容可知，截至目前，攻读哲学博士的人中只有25%的可以在 四年内顺利完成。ESRC的回应是停止向所有研究机构授予哲学博士学位，这些机构采取四 年制以下的不到10%；该政策实行的第一年中，全国平均人数暴增到39%。ESRC认为应该 继续保持这种严格性，并会在两年内逐步将槛限提高到40%。如果通过率不进一步提高，这 意味着73所大学中将有55所排除在外——包括牛津大学、伦敦经济学院和伦敦商学院。据 此判断，答案是B。
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