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  3. Rob a bank and you risk a long stretch in jail. Run a bank whose dubious behavior leads to global economic collapse and you risk

Rob a bank and you risk a long stretch in jail. Run a bank whose dubious behavior leads to global economic collapse and you risk

admin2022-11-13  21
问题     Rob a bank and you risk a long stretch in jail. Run a bank whose dubious behavior leads to global economic collapse and you risk nothing of the sort, more likely a handsome pay-off.
    Illegal and dangerous mistakes associated with the financial industry have caused serious harm to the US and world economies. The scandals keep coming—rate rigging, money laundering, mis-selling and sanctions busting. The backlash (反对) against the industry shows no sign of easing.
    So given the scale of damage and public anger, fuelled by the industry’s bonus culture, it is curious that those responsible have largely avoided punishment in the traditional judicial sense, despite the demand for it.
    That we so want those involved to get their just deserts has its roots in ancient human forms of social control, which led to our modern sense of morality.
    In their fundamental, hunter-gatherer forms, crime and punishment surely go back for tens of millennia (千年). The case has been made that by 45000 years ago, or possibly earlier, people were practicing moralistic (道教的) social control much as we do.
    Without exception, investigators that still exist today and best reflect this ancient way of life exert aggressive watch over their peers for the good of the group. Economic villains are mainly bullies who use threats or force to benefit themselves, along with thieves and cheats.
    All are free-riders who take without giving, and all are punished by the group. This can range from mere criticism or ostracism (放逐) to active shaming, ejection or even capital punishment. This moral behavior was reinforced over the millennia that such egalitarian (平等主义的) bands dominated human life.
    Then around 12000 years ago, larger, still—egalitarian sedentary (定居的) tribes arrived with greater needs for centralized control. Eventually clusters of tribes formed authoritative chiefdoms. Next came early civilizations, with centrally prescribed and powerfully enforced moral orders. One thing tied these and modern, state-based moral systems to what came before and that was the human capacity for moral indignation. It remains strong today.
    So there is an inevitable discontentment when bankers seem to "get away with it", offending this instinctive moral corrective sense.
    And ultimately, such public opinion should strongly influence how we police fiscal deviants—but there are complicating factors that suggest this instinct is being undermined when it comes to taming the most harmful behavior in the banking world.
Who benefit the most from the mere supervision provided by investigators?
选项 A、The group of people as a whole.
B、Those who are under supervision.
C、Those who conduct the supervision.
D、The bad guys in the social group.
答案A
解析 由题干关键词mere supervision和investigators定位到第六段第一句。推理判断题。由定位句可知，审查者为了维护群体的利益而向他们的同伴实施强有力的监视，因此A“整个群体”最符合题意，故为正确答案。
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