2. 外语
  3. 随着中世纪结构的崩溃和现代生产方式的兴起，劳动的意义和作用发生了根本性的变化，这在新教国家表现得尤为突出。因为人对刚刚获得的自由感到不知所措，心里老是想着如何以一种狂热的活动来消除自己的疑虑和恐惧。这种活动无论成功或是失败都将决定他的灵魂能否获救，表明他是

随着中世纪结构的崩溃和现代生产方式的兴起，劳动的意义和作用发生了根本性的变化，这在新教国家表现得尤为突出。因为人对刚刚获得的自由感到不知所措，心里老是想着如何以一种狂热的活动来消除自己的疑虑和恐惧。这种活动无论成功或是失败都将决定他的灵魂能否获救，表明他是

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问题     随着中世纪结构的崩溃和现代生产方式的兴起，劳动的意义和作用发生了根本性的变化，这在新教国家表现得尤为突出。因为人对刚刚获得的自由感到不知所措，心里老是想着如何以一种狂热的活动来消除自己的疑虑和恐惧。这种活动无论成功或是失败都将决定他的灵魂能否获救，表明他是灵魂得救者，还是灵魂失落者。劳动本身不再能给人带来满足感和快乐，而是变成了一种责任和强迫性的活动。劳动致富的可能性越大，劳动就越会成为纯粹获得财富和成功的一种手段。用麦克斯•韦伯的话来说，在“内心深处追名逐利的苦行主义”的体系中，劳动变成了主要的因素，成了解决人的孤独和封闭感的一种办法。
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答案 As the structure in the Middle Ages is collapsing and the modern production mode is springing up, the fundamental changes have taken place in the significance and function of labor, which is particularly outstanding in the Protestant countries, because people are at a loss about the freedom they have just won, and keep wondering how to eliminate their doubts and fears in a crazy activity. Whether it is successful or not, this activity will decide whether his soul can be rescued, demonstrating that he is the one whose soul has been saved, or the one lost. Labor itself can no longer bring satisfaction and happiness to people, but it has become a kind of responsibility and compulsive activity. The greater the chance of making fortune by working, the more chance of labor becoming a way of purely obtaining wealth and success. Just as Max Weber says, in the system of "austeriticism of seeking fame and gaining in the depth of one’s heart", the labor has become the main factor and the solution to the loneliness and self-closing of people.
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