2. 外语
  3. We see a lot of advertisements almost everyday and everywhere. Some advertisements are good, but some are not so good. Write a c

We see a lot of advertisements almost everyday and everywhere. Some advertisements are good, but some are not so good. Write a c

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问题     We see a lot of advertisements almost everyday and everywhere. Some advertisements are good, but some are not so good. Write a composition in NO LESS THAN 200 words on the following topic: The Positive/Negative Effects of Some Advertisements
    You are to write in three parts.
    In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is.
    In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your opinion.
    In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.
    Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization, language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
    Except 1
    Advertising Plays a Positive Role
    Although people often focus on the negative side when they discuss the effects of advertising, it is important to note that advertising does have its positive side.
    According to the International Advertising Association, advertising can encourage companies to compete and provide new products. This encourages more consumers to buy, because these products meet their needs and wants. Thus, the economy is positively affected. In addition, advertising can help create more jobs. As the demand for products and services goes up because of advertising, more people are needed to manufacture, supply, ship and test those products and services. Thus, more jobs are created.
    Apart from encouraging consumers to choose the products that are best for them, advertising, at least in democratic nations, allows individuals to learn about the wide variety of lifestyles and political choices available to them and choose the one that they find best. For example, in the United States, candidates for an elected position often run advertisements that discuss their strengths and the opponent’s weaknesses. These advertisements encourage Americans to compare and contrast the candidates and choose the one with whom they most agree.
    Except 2
    The Negative Effects of Advertising
    Advertising is constantly demanding your attention everywhere you go, unless you live in the ad-free city of Sao Paulo. If you’re like me, you probably haven’t thought about the negative effects of ads that much.
    Direct-to-consumer advertising for prescription drugs has resulted in unrealistic expectations about the effectiveness of the drugs and their side effects, according to the Food and Drug Administration’s study "Patient and Physician Attitudes and Behaviors Associated With DTC Promotion of Prescription Drugs." Voice-overs give the downside to the drug, but the visual images show healthy, happy people. It’s not unusual to hear that even death may be a side effect of a prescription drug. Advertising also influences how people feel about themselves — often in a negative way. Based on the images they see in advertising, women often feel they should be thin and beautiful and hold down full-time jobs while also being full-time mothers. Advertising communicates that men should be handsome, tall, athletic, caring husbands, thoughtful fathers and virile at all times. These images are often unrealistic and unattainable.
选项
答案 The Negative Effects of Some Advertisements Advertisements are a powerful tool, through which products and services are imprinted into viewers’ minds. Although, admittedly, they can encourage companies to provide new products, more job opportunities and a variety of information available for consumers to choose whatever that agrees with them, advertisements are essentially filled with sales gimmicks and false images. From my perspective, the negative effects of advertisements cannot be ignored. The first negative effect of advertisements is misleading the audience. More often than not, sales talk in advertisements is equivocal. They invite the audience to imagine their own favourable fantasy, which is seldom true in reality. For example, a coke advertisement may claim that it is "cheaper than the leading brand but with the same quality." Potential buyers are tricked to think that this coke is less expensive than Coca Cola and the quality is still guaranteed. Actually, "leading" is a fuzzy description that could hardly be definite. It could mean a "leading" brand in the West or a leading brand in China. The second negative effect of advertisements is encouraging excessive consumption. The provocative language in advertisements paints an attractive picture to lure the audience to purchase a certain product. The sales talk declares that by owning this perfume, you will be sexy, and by having that perfume, you will be elegant. If you want to feel elegantly sexy, buy both of them. Therefore, consumers are consuming the concepts associated with the products rather than the products themselves. In conclusion, advertisements can mislead us into overspending on some fanatical imaginations.
解析     本题的主旨是讨论广告的影响是正面的还是负面的。首先应当总结概括材料中的内容，再给出自己的观点。文章可安排如下：
    第一段：简要概括材料内容，提出自己的看法——广告的负面影响大。
    第二段：分两点说明自己的观点。首先，广告的负面影响是误导观众，以某品牌可乐的广告为例；第二，广告的负面影响是鼓励无度的消费，以香水广告为例。
    第三段：总结全文，重申观点——广告会误导我们，诱使我们过度消费。
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