首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
"Layers of Social Class" Taken together, income, occupation, and education are good measures of people’s social standing. Usi
"Layers of Social Class" Taken together, income, occupation, and education are good measures of people’s social standing. Usi
admin
2018-07-24
73
问题
"Layers of Social Class"
Taken together, income, occupation, and education are good measures of people’s social standing. Using a layered model of stratification, most sociologists describe the class system in the United States as divided into several classes: upper, upper middle, middle, lower middle, and lower class. The different classes are arrayed along a continuum with those with the most money, education, and prestige at the top and those with the least at the bottom.
In the United States, the upper class owns the major share of corporate and personal wealth; it includes those who have held wealth for generations as well as those who have recently become rich. Only a very small proportion of people actually constitute the upper class, but they control vast amounts of wealth and power in the United States. Those in this class exercise enormous control throughout society. Some wealthy individuals can wield as much power as entire nations.
Despite social myths to the contrary, the best predictor of future wealth is the family into which you are born. Each year, the business magazine Forbes publishes a list of the 400 wealthiest families and individuals in the country. Of all the wealth represented on the Forbes 400 list, most is inherited, although since the 1990s, there has been some increase in the number of people on the list with self-created wealth. Those in the upper class with newly acquired wealth are known as the nouveau riche. Luxury vehicles, high-priced real estate, and exclusive vacations may mark the lifestyle of the newly rich. However, although they may have vast amounts of money, they are often not accepted into "old rich" circles.
The upper middle class includes those with high incomes and high social prestige. They tend to be well-educated professionals or business executives. Their earnings can be quite high indeed—successful business executives can earn millions of dollars a year. It is difficult to estimate exactly how many people fall into this group because of the difficulty of drawing lines between the upper, upper middle, and middle classes. Indeed, the upper middle class is often thought of as "middle class" because their lifestyle sets the standard to which many aspire, but this lifestyle is actually unattainable by most.
The middle class is hard to define, in part because being "middle class" is more than just economic position. A very large portion of Americans identify themselves as middle class even though they vary widely in lifestyle and in resources at their disposal. But the idea that the United States is an open-class system leads many to think that the majority have a middle-class lifestyle; thus, the middle class becomes the ubiquitous norm even though many who call themselves middle class have a tenuous hold on this class position.
The lower middle class includes workers in the skilled trades and low-income bureaucratic workers, many of whom may actually define themselves as middle class. Also known as the working class, this class includes blue-collar workers (those in skilled trades who do manual labor) and many service workers, such as secretaries, hair stylists, food servers, police, and firefighters. Medium to low income, education, and occupational prestige define the lower middle class relative to the class groups above it. The term lower in this class designation refers to the relative position of the group in the stratification system, but it has a pejorative sound to many people, especially to people who are members of this class, many of whom think of themselves as middle class.
The lower class is composed primarily of the displaced and poor. People in this class have little formal education and are often unemployed or working in minimum-wage jobs. A People of color and women make up a disproportionate part of this class. The poor include the working poor—those who work at least 27 hours a week but whose wages fall below the federal poverty level. Six percent of all working people now live below the poverty line. The concept of the underclass has been added to the lower class. B The underclass includes those who are likely to be permanently unemployed and without means of economic support. C Rejected from the economic system, those in the underclass may become dependent on public assistance or illegal activities. D
The word those in the passage refers to
选项
A、characteristics
B、groups
C、classes
D、continuum
答案
B
解析
"The different groups are arrayed along a continuum with those [classes] with the most money, education, and prestige at the top." The pronoun "those" does not refer to choices A, C, or D.
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.kaotiyun.com/show/ekfO777K
0
托福(TOEFL)
相关试题推荐
Listentothedirectionsandmatchtheplacesinquestions11-15totheappropriateplaceamongA-Eonthemap.StudentCentre
Completetheformbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.ProductIncidentReportExampleAnswer
Completetheformbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.ProductIncidentReportExampleAnswer
Completethesentencesbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.Researcherswanttostudymoreabou
Completethenotesbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.GIVINGASPEECHReasonsfornervousnessLecturers
Completethenotesbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswerGroupPresentationAssignmentHowtodel
Choosethecorrectletter,A,BorC.The"ReturningStudentsAdvisor"ConsultationWhichchangeinstudents’lifeisNOTimpor
Whichattitudeisassociatedwiththefollowingpeopleduringtheconversation?ChooseSIXanswersfromtheboxandwritetheco
Choosethecorrectletter,A,BorC.Togatherdata,theprofessorasksJane
A、Speaktohispreviousemployer.B、Getajobworkingoncampus.C、Attendthecareerservicesworkshop.D、Getajobapplication
随机试题
下列叙述中,哪些与呼吸系统的非特异性防御机制有关
与照片密度值成正比关系的是
由于不动产的(),使得完全相同的不动产几乎没有,但是在同一市场上具有相近效用的不动产,其价格也应相近。
一根木梁的两部分用单行螺钉连接而成,其横截面尺寸如图所示。已知横截面上的剪力Fs=3kN,惯性矩,Iz=113.5×10-6m4,螺钉的允许剪力为700N,则螺钉沿梁纵向的间距为()。
根据《设备监理管理暂行办法》的规定,设备工程监理服务合同中应当明确监理的范围、内容和标准,合同双方的权利义务,监理费用的计取与支付,违约责任及其争议处理方式等。因此,设备工程监理服务合同主要条款应当包括()。
编制检验指导书的基本要求是()。[2006年真题]
按照问题的组织程度可以将其分为()。
环抱面固位形是指()。
A.条件(1)充分,但条件(2)不充分B.条件(2)充分,但条件(1)不充分C.条件(1)和条件(2)单独都不充分,但条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来充分D.条件(1)充分,条件(2)也充分E.条件(1)和条件(2)单独都不充分,条件(1)和条件(2
这些东西一个箱子装不下。
最新回复
(
0
)