2. 外语
  3. Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little conflict breeds apathy and stagnation. Too much c

Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little conflict breeds apathy and stagnation. Too much c

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问题     Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and
dried. Too little conflict breeds apathy and stagnation. Too much
conflict leads to divisiveness and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict,
SO, Can spark creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive【S1】________
way.
    Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however,
suggests that the optimal level of conflict may be complex to determine【S2】________
than these simple generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict
among a sample of executives. Some of the executives worked for
profit—seeking organizations and others for non—profit organizations.
Somewhat surprised, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict【S3】________
varied systematically as a function of the type of organization.
Specifically, managers in non-profit organizations strongly believed that
conflict was beneficial to their organizations and that they promoted【S4】________
higher quality decision-making than what might be achieved at the【S5】________
absence of conflict.
    Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They
believed that conflict generally was damaging and usually led to good【S6】________
quality decision-making in their organizations. Schwenk interpreted
these results in the terms of the criteria for effective decision—making【S7】________
suggested by the executives. In the profit—seeking organizations,
decision-making effectiveness was mostly often assessed in financial【S8】________
terms. The executives believed that consensus other than conflict【S9】________
enhanced financial indicators.
    In the non-profit organizations, decision-making effectiveness was
defined from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Giving the【S10】________
complexities and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse
constituents, executives perceived that conflict led to more considered
and acceptable decisions.  
【S10】
选项
答案Giving—Given
解析 动词形式错误。given在这里是介词，意思是“考虑到，鉴于，由于”，而giving只是动词give的动名词形式，没有这个用法。此句的意思是“考虑到要使不同成员满意是复杂且不确定的，管理人员们认为矛盾会带来更加深思熟虑和可接受的决定。”
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