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  3. Lorries are responsible for over half of all cyclist deaths in London, a third across the UK as a whole, 43% of cycling fataliti

Lorries are responsible for over half of all cyclist deaths in London, a third across the UK as a whole, 43% of cycling fataliti

admin2016-09-24  51
问题     Lorries are responsible for over half of all cyclist deaths in London, a third across the UK as a whole, 43% of cycling fatalities in Belgium and 38% in the Netherlands. In all, about 1, 000 people die annually in Europe’s road traffic accidents, but a "direct vision" design concept could slash those figures by increasing the field of vision for drivers in front— and to the sides—of their lorries, according to a new report by Loughborough University.
    "Blind spots can be a significant factor in fatal accidents with lorries, " said Dr. Steve Sununerskill, one of the report’s co-authors. "The study shows that the size of these blind spots can be minimized through improved cab(驾驶室)design, the reduction of cab height and the addition of extra windows. "
    The proposed new lorry model would have an 80cm longer cab with a rounded nose, smaller dashboard, expanded glassed areas and a slightly lower driver position, panoramically expanding the range of sight from behind a lorry cab’s wheel.
    By contrast, truck drivers today sit in a position high above their engines in brick-shaped lorry cabs that leave them unable to see much of the movement around their vehicles.
    The paper analyzed 704 accidents involving heavy goods vehicles and found that 31% of road fatalities were caused by drivers pulling away, 19% were caused by left turns, 7% by right turns, and 25% from drivers reversing.
    Surprisingly, vehicles changing lanes were responsible for half of all accidents but no fatalities.
    The analysis indicates that " critical blind spots" in current models cannot be compensated for by the use of lorry driver’s mirrors, because of the time lapse between checking them, making observations through the window, and then pulling away from a junction.
    "If this tune period is four seconds, this is enough time for a cyclist to undertake the heavy goods vehicle, with the driver being unaware of his or her presence, " the paper says.
    Such weaknesses have been highlighted in other research but European rules have still tended to prioritize drivers’ "indirect vision"—or the line of sight they get from mirrors— over their blind spots.
    The EU’s existing law on lorry weights and dimensions makes this worse by forcing a design with particularly large blind spots, according to Transport and Environment(T&E), a green think tank.
    "Not only drivers, but politicians too need vision, " said William Todts, a senior policy officer for T&E. "It’s incomprehensible that we allow huge 36 tonne mammoths(庞然大物)on our roads without making sure the people behind the wheel actually see what’s going on. After decades of tinkering with(鼓捣)minors, we now have an opportunity to make direct vision compulsory in new lorry designs and save hundreds of lives, "
What is the main problem of a present lorry cab?
选项 A、The high position obstructs the view around.
B、The shape is too square for one to move about.
C、It has too many extra windows.
D、It has too low a dashboard.
答案A
解析 如今的卡车有什么主要问题?很高的位置妨碍周围的视线。第四段说，在砖形的卡车中，如今的司机坐在比发动机高很多的位置上，砖形的卡车使司机无法看清他们车辆周围的动态。
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