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  3. 　　In recent years U. S. consumers have migrated away from large national brands in favor of smaller, private-label foods. During

　　In recent years U. S. consumers have migrated away from large national brands in favor of smaller, private-label foods. During

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问题 　　In recent years U. S. consumers have migrated away from large national brands in favor of smaller, private-label foods. During the pandemic, that trend has been【B1】________A new study suggests that deep-seated emotional responses to contagious disease are【B2】________the shift.
　　Much research over the years has shown that people【B3】________to contagious disease with disgust and【B4】________： They instinctively want to【B5】________the threat, and that impulse can cause them to shop less and consume less. But across two large empirical analyses and four experiments, the researchers showed that a second emotion—fear—is also【B6】________, mediating the【B7】________on consumption patterns.
　　Analyzing data from 2009 through 2014 from Google Flu Trends, and Nielsen Consumer panels, they found that people bought more items when the【B8】________of influenza was high in their state, and they【B9】________products that were familiar. If a household had【B10】________favored a certain brand, that preference was more pronounced during spikes of flu.
　　And on an aggregate level, sales of well-known national brands rose disproportionately during outbreaks,【B11】________less-familiar ones. Even less-familiar variations on well-known brands—tiramisu Oreos, say—【B12】________a hit.
　　The threat of contagion creates uncertainty and a【B13】________of losing control, the researchers explain, and when trying to regain control, people【B14】________out the trusted and familiar. The lab experiments showed that this response is【B15】________to communicable diseases and that it also held for nonfood products,【B16】________ headphones. Marketing managers should take note not just during the pandemic【B17】________beyond.
　　The researchers write; "If a product is novel, marketers might be better served【B18】________it in the summer months, when people are less【B19】________to encounter contagious cues and are more receptive to novelty, "【B20】________for familiar products, the converse may be true.
【B4】
选项 A、escape
B、avoidance
C、withdrawal
D、evasion
答案[B]
解析 本题考查名词辨析。四个选项分别为[A]escape“逃跑，逃脱，逃避(常指逃避一个地方或不愉快和危险的情景)”；[B]avoidance“避免，回避，避开(常指避免某事发生或存在)”；[C]withdrawal“撤走，收回，取回”；[D]evasion“躲避，规避，逃避(常指逃避某人或逃避本应该做的事)”。由于空格和disgust是并列成分，因此空格处所填内容也应该表示人们对传染性疾病的反应，即“回避”疾病的发生。故选项[B]正确。
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