首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Ever since the early days of modern computing in the 1940s, the biological metaphor has been irresistible. The first computers—r
Ever since the early days of modern computing in the 1940s, the biological metaphor has been irresistible. The first computers—r
admin
2019-09-25
68
问题
Ever since the early days of modern computing in the 1940s, the biological metaphor has been irresistible. The first computers—room-size behemoths—were referred to as "giant brains" or " electronic brains," in headlines and everyday speech. As computers improved and became capable of some tasks familiar to humans, like playing chess, the term used was "artificial intelligence". DNA, it is said, is the original software.
For the most part, the biological metaphor has long been just that—a simplifying analogy rather than a blueprint for how to do computing. Engineering, not biology, guided the pursuit of artificial intelligence. As Frederick Jelinek, a pioneer in speech recognition, put it, "airplanes don’t flap their wings. "
Yet the principles of biology are gaining ground as a tool in computing. The shift in thinking results from advances in neuroscience and computer science, and from the prod of necessity.
The physical limits of conventional computer designs are within sight—not today or tomorrow, but soon enough. Nanoscale circuits cannot shrink much further. Today’ s chips are power hogs, running hot, which curbs how much of a chip’ s circuitry can be used. These limits loom as demand is accelerating for computing capacity to make sense of a surge of new digital data from sensors, online commerce, social networks, video streams and corporate and government databases.
To meet the challenge, without gobbling the world ’ s energy supply, a different approach will be needed. And biology, scientists say, promises to contribute more than metaphors. " Every time we look at this, biology provides a clue as to how we should pursue the frontiers of computing," said John E. Kelly, the director of research at IBM.
Dr. Kelly points to Watson, the question-answering computer that can play "Jeopardy!" and beat two human champions earlier this year. IBM’s clever machine consumes 85, 000 watts of electricity, while the human brain runs on just 20 watts. "Evolution figured this out," Dr. Kelly said.
Several biologically inspired paths are being explored by computer scientists in universities and corporate laboratories worldwide. One project, a collaboration of computer scientists and neuroscientists begun three years ago has been encouraging enough that in August it won a $21 million round of government financing. In recent months, the team has developed prototype "neurosynaptic" microprocessors, or chips that operate more like neurons and synapses than like conventional semiconductors.
Questions 56 ~ 60
Complete the table using no more than three words for each blank.
选项
答案
the biological metaphor
解析
文章第一段提到,“自从20世纪40年代,现代计算初期开始,生物学的比喻就不可抗拒”。由此可知,第一段主要讲述“生物学比喻”是什么。故填入the biological metaphor。
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.kaotiyun.com/show/dy8K777K
本试题收录于:
B类竞赛(英语专业本科专科)题库大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)分类
0
B类竞赛(英语专业本科专科)
大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)
相关试题推荐
Readthefollowingadvertisementandwritealetterofapplication.Don’tsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;use"LiM
ABCDEFGHWhichletteristwototheleftoftheletterimmediatelytotherightoftheletterthatisthreetotherightofthe
The______betweenChineseandJapaneseisnotsoobvioussothatitisnoteasytodistinguishbetweenpeoplefromthetwocountr
Aresearchersaysleadintheenvironmentcouldbeamajor【D1】______byyoungpeople.DoctorHerbertNeedlemanisaprofessorat
Bydegreestheshutterswereopened:thewindow-blindsweredrawnup,andpeoplebeganpassingtoand【C1】______.Somefewstoppe
TheAustraliaflagusesthreeprominentsymbols:theUnionFlag,theCommonwealthStarandtheSouthernCross.TheUnionFlagis
Thegiantpanda,thecreaturethathasbecomeasymbolofconservation,isfacingextinction.Themajorreasonislossofhabita
目前,中国的粮食单产水平与世界粮食高产的国家相比还是比较低的,中国要在短时间内达到粮食高产的国家的水平难度较大,但是经过努力是完全可以实现的。
Lookatthefollowingpicture.Pleasewriteanarticleabout130words.
随机试题
晕厥易发生于
患者,男性,50岁,车祸致头部外伤6小时。查体:睁眼刺痛,双下肢屈曲,言语含糊不清,只能简短作答。首先应进行的检查是
消风散的功用是
若∫xe-2xdx等于(式中C为任意常数)()。
根据《重要地理信息数据审核公布管理规定》,审核建议人提交的重要地理信息数据时,应当审核的内容有()。
当一个变量的数量由小变大,而另一个变量的数量相反地由大变小时,这种相关关系称为()。
根据《城市居住区规划设计规范》的规定,在居住区用地构成中,下列各项用地指标错误的是()。
给定资料1.此前,北京外国语大学丝绸之路研究院发起了一次留学生民间调查,来自“一带一路”沿线20个国家的青年票选出了心目中的中国“新四大发明”:高铁、支付宝、共享单车和网购。受访者纷纷表示,“新四大发明”是他们最想带回祖国的生活方式。“新四大发明”
下列说法中,正确的是
【B1】【B2】
最新回复
(
0
)