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  3. In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model

In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model

admin2017-06-11  71
问题     In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an observed event could be produced. A good example of this is found in the kinetic molecular theory, in which gases are pictured as being made up of many small particles that are in constant motion.
    A useful theory, in addition to explaining past observations, helps to predict events that have not as yet been observed. After a theory has been publicized, scientists design experiments to test the theory. If observations confirm the scientists’ predictions, the theory is supported. If observations do not confirm the predictions, the scientists must search further. There may be a fault in the experiment, or the theory may have to be revised or rejected.
    Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information and performing experiments. Facts by themselves are not science. As the mathematician Jules Henri Poincare said; " Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house. " Most scientists start an investigation by finding out what other scientists have learned about a particular problem. After known facts have been gathered, the scientist comes to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagination. Possible solutions to the problem are formulated. These possible solutions are called hypotheses.
    In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown. It extends the scientist’s thinking beyond the known facts. The scientist plans experiments, performs calculations, and makes observations to test hypotheses. For without hypotheses, further investigation lacks purpose and direction. When hypotheses are confirmed, they are incorporated into theories.
Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?
选项 A、Theories are simply imaginary models of past events.
B、It is better to revise a hypothesis than to reject it.
C、A scientist’s most difficult task is testing hypotheses.
D、A good scientist needs to be creative.
答案D
解析 本题是细节题。第二段的第一句说明理论不仅可以解释以往的观察，还可以帮助预测还未观察到的。因此排除A。第二段的最后两句提到，如果观察不能证实预测，那么说明实验有错或理论可能应被修改或推翻，因此排除B。而C在文章中没有涉及。从第三段的第一句话可知，科学需要想象力和创造性思考，可以得出D为正确答案。
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