2. 外语
  3. 1 The field of economics studies the basic problems that every economy must face: what goods will be produced and for whom they

1 The field of economics studies the basic problems that every economy must face: what goods will be produced and for whom they

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问题 1 The field of economics studies the basic problems that every economy must face: what goods will be produced and for whom they will be produced. The underlying assumptions of the field are that resources are scarce, or at least limited, and that not all human needs and desires can be met. How to allocate limited resources in the fairest and most efficient way is a principal concern of economists.
2 Two major branches of economics are macroeconomics and microeconomics. Macroeconomics is concerned with how a national or regional economy behaves as a whole. It analyzes aggregate data in such areas as the gross national product, general price levels, and total employment. Macroeconomists examine how national income, output, consumption, inflation, and investment influence each other, and try to determine why any imbalance among them occurs. They develop models to explain the interplay of forces and to make economic forecasts. Governments use macroeconomic models to guide the creation and evaluation of economic policy. Large corporations use macroeconomic models in developing their business strategy.
3 Microeconomics is mainly focused on economic activity in the individual case, whether it is a single firm, commodity, or group of consumers. It studies how individuals, households, and companies make decisions to allocate limited resources. It is especially interested in what determines the price levels of goods and services in specific markets. Moreover, it analyzes market failure by examining where and why markets fail to produce efficient results.
Microeconomics differs from macroeconomics in its emphasis on
选项 A、the relationship between government and business
B、how individual behavior affects specific markets
C、the structure and behavior of the global economy
D、which sectors of the national economy will grow
答案B
解析 Microeconomics differs from macroeconomics in its emphasis on how individual behavior affects specific markets. Clues: Microeconomics is mainly focused on economic activity in the individual case...; It is especially interested in what determines the price levels of goods and services in specific markets.
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