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  3. The beginning of what was to become the United States was characterized by inconsistencies in the values and behavior of its pop

The beginning of what was to become the United States was characterized by inconsistencies in the values and behavior of its pop

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问题     The beginning of what was to become the United States was characterized by inconsistencies in the values and behavior of its population, inconsistencies that were reflected by its spokesmen, who took conflicting stances in many areas; but on the subject of race, the conflicts were particularly vivid. The idea that the Caucasian race and European civilization were superior was well entrenched in the culture of the colonists at the very time that the "egalitarian" republic was founded. Voluminous historical evidence indicates that, in the mind of the average colonist, the African was a heathen, he was black, and he was different in crucial philosophical ways. As time progressed, he was also increasingly captive, adding to the conception of deviance. The African, therefore, could be justifiably treated as property according to the reasoning of slave traders and slaveholders.
    Although slaves were treated as objects, bountiful evidence suggests that they did not view themselves similarly. There are many published autobiographies of slaves; African-American scholars are beginning to know enough about West African culture to appreciate the climate in which the early captives were raised and which therefore could not be totally destroyed by the enslavement experience. This was a climate that denied individuality in collective terms. Individuals were members of a tribe, within which they had prescribed roles determined by the history of their family within the tribe. Individuals were inherently a part of the natural elements on which they depended, and they were actively related to those tribal members who once lived and to those not yet born.
    The colonial plantation system which was established and into which Africans were thrust did virtu ally eliminate tribal affiliations. Individuals were separated from kin; interrelationships among kin kept together were often transient because of sales. A new identification with those slaves working and living together in a given place could satisfy what was undoubtedly a natural tendency to be a member of a group. New family units became the most important attachments of individual slaves. Thus, as the system of slavery was gradually institutionalized, West African affiliation tendencies adapted to it.
    This exceedingly complex dual influence is still reflected in black community life, and the double consciousness of black Americans is the major characteristic of African-American mentality. Dubois articulated this divided consciousness as follows: " The history of the American Negro is the history of this strife—this longing to attain self-conscious manhood, to merge his double self into a better and truer self. In this merging, he wishes neither of the older selves to be best.
    Several black political movements have looked upon this duality as destructively conflict and have variously urged its reconciliation. Thus, the integrationists and the black nationalists, to be crudely general, have both been concerned with resolving the conflict, but in opposite directions.
The author puts the word "vegalitarian" (Para. 1) in quotation marks to ______.
选项 A、emphasize his admiration for the early Americans
B、remind the reader of the principles of a new nation
C、stress the fact that equality didn’t extend to everyone
D、express his surprise that slavery had existed in America
答案C
解析 局部主题题(例证题)。定位到第一段，该段提到，就足在“平等主义的”共和国建立之时，“白种人和欧洲文明高人一等”这种思想在殖民者的文化巾根深蒂固，而大量的历史证据表明，在普通殖民者心目中，非洲人是野蛮人，是黑人。这说明，作者认为：并不是人人平等。C符合题意，故为正确选项。A、B和D都是误解了作者的意图。
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