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  3. In the past 20 years alone, three coronaviruses have caused major disease outbreaks. First came the original SARS virus in 2002.

In the past 20 years alone, three coronaviruses have caused major disease outbreaks. First came the original SARS virus in 2002.

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问题     In the past 20 years alone, three coronaviruses have caused major disease outbreaks. First came the original SARS virus in 2002.【C1】________. in 2012, MERS was identified. In 2019, SARS-CoV-2【C2】________.
    Hundreds of other coronaviruses are known to be【C3】________in bats and other animals. Scientists have warned that some of them could arise in the future and【C4】________infect people. Our current COVID-19 vaccines were specifically【C5】________for SARS-CoV-2, but what if a next-generation vaccine could protect【C6】________both known and unknown coronaviruses?
    Scientists at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research are working on a so-called universal coronavirus vaccine. Dr. Kayvon Modjarrad is【C7】________the effort. They have developed a vaccine specifically for SARS-CoV-2, and found that the immune response that it【C8】________is active against all the variants, as well as other coronaviruses like SARS-CoV-1. And this gives them confidence that it can be a platform for the entire coronavirus family.
    The vaccine is known as SpFN, which combines nanoparticles from ferritins with coronavirus spike proteins. But making the vaccine wasn’t as【C9】________as attaching one protein to another. Modjarrad and his colleagues had to【C10】________which parts of the spike to attach to which type of ferritin and how to【C11】________the two proteins together. It took months of trying more than 200 different【C12】________. By June of last year, the team found one version that succeeded where others had failed. They then【C13】________the experimental vaccine in mice and monkeys.
    The team also turned to less【C14】________animals for testing. Working with scientists in India, they【C15】________horses with the vaccine to learn how strong the【C16】________response was. And they【C17】________with Helen Dooley at the University of Maryland to vaccinate sharks—which make special antibodies.
    The results are【C18】________. but animals aren’t people. The Army vaccine is now being tested in a small, early-stage trial in humans.【C19】________it works and is safe, it could lay the【C20】________for a universal coronavirus vaccine.
【C7】
选项 A、leading
B、requiring
C、sparing
D、needing
答案A
解析 空格所在部分为Dr. Kayvon Modjarrad is________the effort，根据句意，空格处需要填入一个动词，与is一起构成谓语，引导宾语the effort。本句的前一句讲到，沃尔特.里德陆军研究所的科学家们正在研究一种通用冠状病毒疫苗，可见，the effort指代的就是这一疫苗的研究工作。Dr. Kayvon Modjarrad出现在疫苗研究工作之前，很可能就是该项目的负责人或带头人，四个选项中与此相对应的就是leading(领导，带领)，故答案为选项A。B项意思是“要求”，C项意思是“节省；留出”，D项意思是“需要”，代入原文均不符合文意，故排除。
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