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  3. Six million people die every year as a result of tobacco smoking, according to an estimate by the World Health Organization. It

Six million people die every year as a result of tobacco smoking, according to an estimate by the World Health Organization. It

admin2019-08-08  55
问题    Six million people die every year as a result of tobacco smoking, according to an estimate by the World Health Organization. It is a number worth keeping in mind as the scientific disputes over electronic cigarettes continue to persist
   【F1】The US Food and Drug Administration last week announced a "historic rule" that gives it the right to regulate e-cigarettes—which vaporize nicotine—as it does tobacco products. Nearly all e-cigarettes will now have to go through an approval process, with sales to young people prohibited, and health warnings included on packaging and advertisements.
   Sylvia Burwell, the US Secretary of Health and Human Services, noted that 【F2】e-cigarette use is shooting up among young people in the United States, "creating a new generation of Americans who are at risk of addiction", even as cigarette smoking continues to decline.
   Some states are already ahead of federal law—California defined e-cigarettes as tobacco products. The European Union is also set to take a tougher stance. An EU-wide directive that comes into force this year on tobacco products will control nicotine content.
   These devices have split researchers. Some see a route to end the tobacco trouble. But other scientists see problems. 【F3】They fear that electronic devices undermine the message that smoking is bad, and offer people a nicotine fix in places where cigarettes have long been excluded. They fear a new age of nicotine, and that the six-million figure will rise.
   This difference of opinion has spilled messily over into the research arena. Published studies are ruthlessly picked apart by opposing sides. 【F4】Sometimes the fight happens even before publication, with journalists sent quotes that critique claims and conclusions before they are publicly available.
   Both sides are acting in good faith, but their arguments and increasingly rooted positions frequently generate more heat than light 【F5】To progress, researchers on both sides must establish what evidence should be gathered to answer the central question: how can e-cigarette use and regulation lead to the largest possible reduction in deaths from tobacco? Researchers should remain focused on the enemy that needs to be fought—the horrific harm caused by tobacco. Disputes are part of science. They must be conducted in the open, and no researcher—and no piece of research—can be immune from criticism. But the tobacco-science community must find a way forward. It is not exaggerating to say that millions of lives are at stake. Six million of them are, every year.
【F5】
选项
答案要使研究有所进展，双方必须确定收集哪些证据才能解决以下核心问题：怎样使用和管理电子烟才能在最大程度上减少死于吸食烟草的人数?
解析 ①本句是复合句。主句主干是To…，researchers on both sides must establish…，意为“为了……，双方都必须确定……”。句首的不定式结构To progress作目的状语，说明采取主句所述做法是为了取得进展。②what引导从句作establish的宾语，说明要确定的内容。从句中的to answer the central question是目的状语，说明确定收集证据的目的在于回答核心问题。③冒号后的内容是对the central question的解释说明，指出核心问题的具体内容。注意此处的use是名词，e-cigarette use是指电子烟的使用。
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