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  3. If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work force skills, American firms have a problem. Human resource management is n

If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work force skills, American firms have a problem. Human resource management is n

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问题     If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work force skills, American firms have a problem. Human resource management is not traditionally seen as【C1】________to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hired or【C2】________at the lowest possible cost—much【C3】________ one buys raw materials or equipment.
    The lack of importance【C4】________to human resource management can be seen in the corporation hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second【C5】________command. The【C6】________of head of human resource managements is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who【C7】________it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to【C8】________to Chief Executive Officer (CEO).【C9】________, in Japan the head of human resource management is central—usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm’s【C10】________ .
    As a【C11】________, problems【C12】________when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn【C13】________to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is【C14】________in Germany than it is in the United Stated. More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for【C15】________retraining【C16】________costs and creates bottlenecks that【C17】________the speed with【C18】________new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological【C19】________. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population【C20】________the wages of the top half. If the bottom half can’t effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.
【C9】
选项 A、Furthermore
B、Similarly
C、Although
D、However
答案D
解析 本填空考查上下文的逻辑关系，本填空前面的原文信息均是在阐述：“美国企业中人力资源的不重要，主管人力资源的管理者在企业中地位不突出”；而本填空后面的原文信息则为：in Japan the head of human resource management is central—usually the second most important executive，after the CEO；这里的提示线索second most important(第二重要的)已经说明了前后文逻辑关系为转折，答案选择选项D)However。
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