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  3. Transatlantic friction between companies and regulators has grown as Europe’s data guardians have become more assertive. Frances

Transatlantic friction between companies and regulators has grown as Europe’s data guardians have become more assertive. Frances

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问题     Transatlantic friction between companies and regulators has grown as Europe’s data guardians have become more assertive. Francesca Bignami, a professor at George Washington University’s law school, says that the explosion of digital technologies has made it impossible for watchdogs to keep a close eye on every web company operating in their backyard. So instead they are relying more on scapegoating prominent wrongdoers in the hope that this will deter others.
    But regulators such as Peter Schaar, who heads Germany’s federal data-protection agency, say the gulf is exaggerated. Some European countries, he points out, now have rules that make companies who suffer big losses of customer data to report these to the authorities. The inspiration for these measures comes from America.
    Yet even Mr. Schaar admits that the internet’s global scale means that there will need to be changes on both sides of the Atlantic. He hints that Europe might adopt a more flexible regulatory stance if America were to create what amounts to an independent data-protection body along European lines. In Europe, where the flagship Data Protection Directive came into effect in 1995, the European Commission is conducting a review of its privacy policies. In America Congress has begun debating a new privacy bill arid the Federal Trade Commission is considering an overhaul of its rules.
    Even if America and Europe do narrow their differences, internet firms will still have to struggle with other data watchdogs. In Asia countries that belong to APEC are trying to develop a set of regional guidelines for privacy rules under an initiative known as the Data Privacy Pathfinder. Some countries such as Australia and New Zealand have longstanding privacy laws, but many emerging nations have yet to roll out fully fledged versions of their own. Mr. Polonetsky sees Asia as "a new privacy battleground", with America and Europe both keen to tempt countries towards their own regulatory model.
    Canada already has something of a hybrid privacy regime, which may explain why its data-protection commissioner, Jennifer Stoddart, has been so influential on the international stage. She marshaled the signatories of the Google Buzz letter and took Facebook to task last year for breaching Canada’s data privacy laws, which led the company to change its policies.
    Ms Stoddart argues that American companies often trip up on data-privacy issues because of "their brimming optimism that the whole world wants what they have rolled out in America." Yet the same optimism has helped to create global companies that have brought huge benefits to consumers, while also presenting privacy regulators with tough choices. Shoehorning such firms into old privacy frameworks will not benefit either them or their users.
According to Paragraph 1, web watchdogs ________.
选项 A、are faced with tough choices to regulate web companies
B、keep a close eye on every Internet company
C、scapegoat famous companies to keep others in alarm
D、report losses of customer data to the authorities
答案C
解析 根据题干可直接定位到第一段。该段第二三句谈到由于数字技术的迅猛发展，监管机构已经无法盯紧在其后院运作的每家网络公司，而只能选择scapegoating prominent wrongdoers “把犯了错的著名公司当替罪羊”来震慑其他公司，C项与之吻合，故为答案。A项中的tough choices在第一段没有信息支持，故A项可排除。第一段第二句说，监管机构无法盯紧在其后院运作的每家网络公司，B项与原文恰恰相反。第二段第二句谈到，丢失大量客户数据的企业可以向当局反映，D项将companies “公司”改成了watchdogs“监管机构”，属于偷换概念。正确定位有助于排除干扰项。本题的题干已经点明了问的是第一段的内容，而D项的内容出现在第二段，由此就可以轻松排除D项。
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