2. 外语
  3. (1)It seems that our society favors a kind of ritualized aggression. Everywhere you look, in newspapers and on television, issue

(1)It seems that our society favors a kind of ritualized aggression. Everywhere you look, in newspapers and on television, issue

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问题     (1)It seems that our society favors a kind of ritualized aggression. Everywhere you look, in newspapers and on television, issues are presented using the terminology of war and conflict. We hear of battles, duels and disputes. We see things in terms of winners and losers, victors and victims. The problem is society’s unquestioning belief in the advantages of the debate as a way of solving disagreements, even proving right from wrong.
    (2)Our brainwashing begins early, at school, when the brightest pupils are co-opted onto the debating team. The training in this adversarial approach continues at our tertiary institutions. The standard way to present an academic paper, for instance, is to take up an opposing argument to something expressed by another academic. The paper must set out to prove the other person wrong. This is not at all the same thing as reading the original paper with an open mind and discovering that you disagree with it.
    (3)The reverence for the adversarial approach spills over into all areas of life. Instead of answering their critics, politicians learn to sidestep negative comments and turn the point around to an attack on their accusers. Defense lawyers argue the case for their clients even when they suspect they may be guilty. And ordinary people use the same tactics—just listen to your teenager next time you pull him up for coming home late. You can be sure a stream of abuse will flow about your own time-keeping, your irritating habits, and your history of bad parenting.
    (4)Unfortunately, the smarter your kid, the better his or her argument against you will be. You’ll be upset, sure, but you’ll comfort yourself that those teenage monsters of yours will one day turn into mature, tough adults who can look after themselves—by which you mean, of course, they will be able to argue their way out of sticky situations.
    (5)It’s not that you should never use angry words, or take up a position in opposition to someone or something. There are certainly times when one should take a stand, and in such cases strong words are quite appropriate: if you witness injustice, for instance, or feel passionately about another’s folly. Mockery— so cruel when practiced on the innocent—can be very useful in such situations. There is no better way to bring down a tyrant than to mock him mercilessly.
    (6)What I dislike is the automatic assumption most people have when it comes to disagreements: they should attack, abuse, and preferably over power their opponent, at whatever the cost.
    (7)But just think how easy it can be to persuade a "difficult" person to be considerate of you or your wishes when you are pleasant to them, and unthreatening. Give them a way out of a potentially aggressive situation without losing face, and they will oblige you willingly.
People have been brainwashed since early at school to believe that ______.
选项 A、only those who are able to debate are intellectual
B、debating is the best solution to disagreements
C、the world is filled with war and conflict
D、the adversarial training is necessary for everyone
答案B
解析 brainwashing一词出现在第2段首句，事实上，该词回指第1段末句中的society’s unquestioning belief，由此可见，本题答案就是首段末句指出的社会所坚信的东西，即选项B的内容。
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