2. 外语
  3. Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic (流行病) of sleepiness in the

Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic (流行病) of sleepiness in the

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问题     Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic (流行病) of sleepiness in the nation. "I can’t think of a single study that hasn’t found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to," says Dr. David. Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.
    The beginning of our sleep-deficit (睡眠不足) crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago. From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9. 5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark. " By the 1950s and 1960s, that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7. 5 and eight hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. "People cheat on their sleep, and they don’t even realize they’re doing it," says Dr. David. "They think they’re okay because they can get by on 6. 5 hours, when they really need 7.5, eight or even more to feel ideally vigorous."
    Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researchers say, is the complexity of the day. Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community mount, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his programme. "In our society, you’re considered dynamic if you say you only need 5. 5 hours’ sleep. If you’ve got to get 8. 5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition."
    To determine the consequences of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier. "We’ve found that if you’re in sleep deficit, performance suffers," says Dr. David. "Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."
People in the 18 th and 19 th centuries used to sleep about 9. 5 hours a night because they had_______.
选项 A、no drive and ambition
B、no electric lighting
C、the best sleep habits
D、nothing to do in the evening
答案B
解析 由题干中“People in the 18th and 19th centuries used to sleep about 9．5 hour’s a night”可以定位到文中第二段第二、三句话。第二句话提到根据18世纪和19世纪的日记条目和其他的个人记录，睡眠专家得出这样的结论，即普通人过去一晚上睡9．5个小时；第三句话提到过去最好的睡眠习惯是强加到我们身上的，那时晚上在农场上我们无事可做，周围一片漆黑。由此可知18世纪和19世纪的人们每晚睡9．5．个小时的原因是没有电灯。
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