首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
What is the main purpose of the lecture? Why does the professor discuss how stars originate?
What is the main purpose of the lecture? Why does the professor discuss how stars originate?
admin
2022-09-29
47
问题
What is the main purpose of the lecture?
Why does the professor discuss how stars originate?
Listen to part of a lecture in an astronomy class.
Professor:
Over the past decade we’ve discovered hundreds of celestial objects we call brown dwarfs. Actually they are more reddish than brown. Theories about them have been around for decades but it’s only recently that we’ve been able to find and observe them.
Brown dwarfs are challenging for astronomers because they’re tough to classify. They have masses too large for a planet but too small for a star, and they share some characteristics with planets and others with stars. For example, they seem more like planets in that many of them orbit around stars, but they apparently form not like planets but in much the same way stars do at least initially.
Remember stars originate in huge clouds of dust and gas thousands of light years across, or molecular clouds each with enough material to make dozens of stars. Young stars forming in the denser regions of molecular clouds known as cores, which eventually collapse due to their own gravity.
Now within any given molecular cloud there can be several cores. And when they collapse, the inner portions break up into humps, which are stellar embryos, stars in the process of forming. So a collapsing core can contain several stellar embryos, several of which can become stars. The usual path to star formation is that the gravity of the stellar embryo pulls in material to add to its mass and at some point this embryo becomes so massive and dense that its material begins to fuse, to undergo nuclear fusion. Essentially it ignites and becomes a star that will burn for billions of years.
Brown dwarfs start out like stars, we think, as stellar embryos collecting dust and gas in the cores of molecular clouds. And as they gather mass, they are heated by all the material rushing in and begin giving off some infrared light. Certain molecules may even undergo a particular kind of low level of fusion. But if a stellar embryo fails to pull in enough molecules of dust and gas, it will never grow massive enough to ignite the powerful, more typical sort of fusion that turns it into a full-fledged star.
But what prevents that? Why does it just stop growing? So that after several million years, a fairly short time in astronomical terms, this failed star that we now call a brown dwarf just begins to cool again and fade. Two theories.
First one is called the ejection theory. Okay, well, according to this ejection theory, the smaller stellar embryos inside a collapsing core, the embryos that haven’t competed so successfully for material to feed their growth, are more likely to get tossed around by or evenly ejected by gravitational forces, thrown right out of the core before they can collect enough material and become stars. So what might’ve become a star gets ejected and ends up nothing more than a brown dwarf. That’s the ejection theory.
Then there’s the turbulence theory. The turbulence theory says that dust and gas are swirling around inside a molecular cloud and it’s this turbulence that compresses some area of the cloud into cores, but not every core has enough dust and gas to form into stars, so instead of stars some cores can only form brown dwarfs, because they never had enough material to form stars in the first place.
Newborn stars are typically surrounded by disks of leftover dust and gas called disks. Over millions of years the disk material drains into the star and some of it may go into forming planets, asteroids or comets. Now if the turbulence theory is correct, brown dwarfs like many low mass stars should have stellar disks. But if ejection theory is correct, computer simulations have shown that any surrounding material will get snipped away mostly when the embryo is ejected from the core.
So the brown dwarfs have stellar disks? It turns out that many do and the disks actually help us find brown dwarfs. See, like I said, brown dwarfs aren’t bright but do give off infrared radiation and the stellar disks reflect this infrared radiation and make it appear brighter. So astronomers look for that infrared access when they are searching for brown dwarfs. And hopefully as they observe the disks more closely, they’ll be able to get more clues about the formation of brown dwarfs. I mean we can’t say for sure that the ejection theory is incorrect. Maybe brown dwarfs form in different ways. Only if our space telescopes are able to catch them in the act of forming will we know for sure.
选项
A、To explain how brown dwarfs begin to form
B、To suggest that brown dwarfs do not originate in molecular clouds
C、To explain why brown dwarfs emit light billions of years ago
D、To show that stellar embryos cause turbulence within molecular clouds
答案
A
解析
题目询问教授讨论恒星起源的原因。教授用Remember来提醒大家注意,并很详细地介绍了恒星起源的情况,这是为褐矮星的起源做铺垫,因为教授说Brown dwarfs start out like stars, we think “我们认为,褐矮星的起源类似恒星”。接着。教授开始介绍褐矮星形成的情况。由此判断,教授提到恒星的起源是为了解释褐矮星的形成方式,故选A项“解释褐矮星如何开始形成”。既然褐矮星与恒星的起源类似,那么褐矮星应该也源于分子云,可排除B项“褐矮星并不起源于分子云”;讲座没有详细讨论褐矮星为什么在数十亿年前会发光,C项与题目无关。D项“表明恒星胚胎会在分子云内引起紊流”没有依据。
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.kaotiyun.com/show/bI5O777K
0
托福(TOEFL)
相关试题推荐
Accordingtothespeakers,whatfunctionhastapaplayedinthefollowingcountries?Writethecorrectletter,A,B,CorD,ne
Whichcounsellorshouldyousee?Writethecorrectletter,A,BorQnexttoQuestions11-14.ALouiseBagshawBTonyDenbyCNa
DVDCustomerProfileExampleOccupation:studentWhatisthemaximumyouwanttospendonaDVDplayer?【L1】________Howofte
ChooseTWOletters,A-E.WhichTWOpiecesofadvicedoesthespeakergiveaboutpainting?APutaheaterintheroom.BWashb
conversation本题询问该项目的工作内容。录音原文中的assistingwith是题目helpingwith的同义替换。英语教学项目的主要任务是帮助提高当地人说英语(Englishconversation)的能力,故空格处填入conversa
equipment录音原文中的beusedtodoingsth结构“习惯做某事”是题目中Familiar“熟悉的”的同义表述。
Choosethecorrectletter,A,B,orC.Onthesubjectoftiming,thetutorsays
A、Anewfuelforbuses.B、Thecausesofairpollution.C、Awaytoimprovefuelefficiencyinbuses.D、Careersinenvironmentale
就业是民生之本,是人们赖以生存和发展的基本经济资源。由于人口众多,劳动力资源丰富和经济结构调整等原因,中国目前面临巨大的就业压力。中国政府始终将促进就业作为国民经济和社会发展的战略任务,将控制失业率列入国民经济宏观调控的主要目标,合理调整就业结构,建立市场
19世纪末,德国地理学家斐迪南-冯-里希霍芬(FerdinandvonRichthofen)首次提出了“丝绸之路”的名称。在整个人类文明史上,迄今为止,还没有一种以具体日用物品命名的事物,会在长达一个世纪的时间里,在东西方引起如此广泛而深远的影响。然而
随机试题
CIPP评价模式的步骤包括【】
宏观调控法的原则包括【】
农业部第278号公告规定,磺胺二甲嘧啶片治疗禽病时的休药期(停药期)为
建设工程竣工决算资料包括( )。
关于外用电梯安全控制的说法,正确的是( )。
计算机能直接执行的程序是()。
根据《旅游饭店星级的划分与评定》,我国旅游饭店星级评定实行()。
采购合同是供方选择的输出。合同类型在采购计划编制过程中选择。编写项目采购合同应当遵循的原则有平等原则、自愿原则、公平原则、诚实信用原则、守法及不损害社会公共利益原则、成本效益原则、适合项目需求原则。一般来说,合同的内容包括合同首部、合同正文和合同尾部三部分
依次填入下列横线处的词语,最恰当的一组是()(1)我们的道德体系是以伦理为核心的,它的价值观往往偏重于别人的_________,而缺少自我灵魂的忏悔和自责。(2)这是一部讲述当代中国跨世纪十年教育改革和发展_________的重
在WBS的创建方法中,______是指近期工作计划细致,远期粗略。因为要在未来远期才能完成的可交付成果或子项目,当前可能无法分解,需要等到这些可交付成果或子项目的信息足够明确后,才能制定出WBS中的细节。
最新回复
(
0
)