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  3. As China’s economy has boomed over the past 30 years, the number of young people going into private business has grown according

As China’s economy has boomed over the past 30 years, the number of young people going into private business has grown according

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问题 As China’s economy has boomed over the past 30 years, the number of young people going into private business has grown accordingly. " Diving into the sea" of commerce, or xia hai as it is known, became accepted as the way to make money and get ahead, and interest in government jobs declined. Over the past decade, though, in an extraordinary reversal, young jobseekers have been applying in droves for government posts, even as the economy has quadrupled in size.
On November 25th the national civil-service examinations will take place, and about 1. 4m people will sit them, 20 times more than a decade ago. Of that number, only 20, 800 will be hired by government(millions more sit the equivalent provincial exams with similarly long odds of being hired). This increase is due in part to a surge in the number of university students entering an intensely competitive market for jobs—nearly 7m graduated this year, compared with 1. 5m a decade ago. It is also thanks to health, pension and(sometimes)housing benefits, which are seen as generous and permanent in a society with an underfunded safety net—a modern version of the unbreakable Maoist " iron rice-bowl" of state employment.
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答案 过去三十年以来，随着中国经济的快速发展，越来越多的年轻人在求职时走向了私营企业。为了赚钱、出人头地，人们渐渐接受了“下海”这种方式，而对政府职位失去了兴趣。在过去的十年里，中国经济规模翻了两番。然而就在此时，年轻的求职者来了个180°的大转弯，争先恐后地应聘政府职位。 11月25日，中国将举行国家公务员考试。届时将有约140万人应考，比十年前多了二十倍。在这么多考生中仅有20 800人将被政府部门录用(此外还有几百万名考生将参加类似的省级公务员：考试，录取率也很低——大概和国家级考试录取率相同)。应考人数相比往年有所增加，一部分原因是进入竞争激烈的市场求职的大学生猛增——今年有近700万名大学生毕业，而十年前的毕业生仅为150万人。在医疗、养老和住房(部分情况下)方面，公务员还享有种种福利，这也是应考人数增加的原因。在毛泽东时代，政府公职是摔不坏的“铁饭碗”。而当今中国社保资金不足，在人们眼中，公务员享受的这些丰厚、稳定的福利无疑也是一只“铁饭碗”。
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