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  3. Competition makes losers as well as winners. This fact makes a simple rule for judging when it is useful to society and when it

Competition makes losers as well as winners. This fact makes a simple rule for judging when it is useful to society and when it

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问题    Competition makes losers as well as winners. This fact makes a simple rule for judging when it is useful to society and when it is dangerous. Can we afford to look after the losers? They are not going to vanish.
   Education is a typical example. The market, and the self-interest of parents, would ensure that good schools flourished and bad ones—well, they would disappear. Yet authorities still must ensure that every child has a school place in order to avoid discontent among parents even while the means to do so has largely vanished now that two thirds of secondary schools in Britain are academies which they do not control.
   By encouraging parental choice in schools, successive governments hoped to harness the ambition of families to give their children the best education possible. But this ambition is by its nature limited. It does not extend to other people’s children. In fact, "it is not enough to succeed; others must fail". The burden of student loans increases the price of failure for those who fail to get into the "right" universities or study the "right" subjects. The result is an increase of inequality without any corresponding increase in quality at the top.
   One measure of this is house prices. State schools with a good reputation increase the price of houses in their catchment areas (学生来源地区) substantially. A survey showed that outside London parents were willing to pay up to three times the average price for a house to get their children into desirable schools. Catchment areas operate as a kind of pre-exclusion mechanism, which keeps poorer children out of good schools. In all this, both schools and parents are responding to the competition as a zero-sum game. We are all poorer as a result.
   It is arguable that the cost of bad schools to society, as well as to the children involved, far outweighs the benefits that competition has brought the good ones. School systems should be judged on the basis of their worst performances, not their best.
What does the author think of the operation mechanism of the catchment areas?
选项 A、It excludes poor children from attending schools.
B、It is not a win-win system.
C、It will keep students out of schools.
D、It results in more bad schools.
答案B
解析 观点态度题。由定位句可知，学区是一种预先排除运行机制，它使贫穷家庭的孩子远离好学校，结果导致我们都变得更穷了，所以这不是一个双赢的体系，故答案为B)。A)“它把贫穷家庭的孩子排除在学校之外”，第四段第四句指出学区使贫穷家庭的孩子远离好学校，并非排除在所有学校之外，故排除；C)“它会让孩子们都没有学上”，学区使贫穷家庭的孩子远离好学校，并非没有学上，故排除该项；D)“它导致更多差学校”，文中没有提到相关内容，故排除。
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