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  3. In the 1920s, demand for American farm products fell, as European countries began to recover from World War I and instituted aus

In the 1920s, demand for American farm products fell, as European countries began to recover from World War I and instituted aus

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问题     In the 1920s, demand for American farm products fell, as European countries began to recover from World War I and instituted austerity(紧缩)programs to reduce their imports. The result was a sharp drop in farm prices. This period was more disastrous for farmers than earlier times had been, because farmers were no longer self-sufficient. They were paying for machinery, seed, and fertilizer, and they were also buying consumer goods. The prices of the items farmers bought remained constant, while prices they received for their products fell. These developments were made worse by the Great Depression, which began in 1929 and extended throughout the 1930s.
    In 1929, under President Herbert Hoover, the Federal Farm Board was organized. It established the principle of direct interference with supply and demand, and it represented the first national commitment to provide greater economic stability for farmers.
    President Hoover’s successor attached even more importance to this problem. One of the first measures proposed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt when he took office in 1933 was the Agricultural Adjustment Act, which was subsequently passed by Congress. This law gave the Secretary of Agriculture the power to reduce production through voluntary agreements with farmers who were paid to take their land out of use. A deliberate scarcity of farm products was planned in an effort to raise prices. This law was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court on the grounds that general taxes were being collected to pay one special group of people. However, new laws were passed immediately that achieved the same result of resting soil and providing flood-control measures, but which were based on the principle of soil conservation. The Roosevelt Administration believed that rebuilding the nation’s soil was in the national interest and was not simply a plan to help farmers at the expense of other citizens. Later the government guaranteed loans to farmers so that they could buy farm machinery, hybrid(杂交)grain, and fertilizers.
The Supreme Court rejected the Agricultural Adjustment Act because it believed that the Act_____.
选项 A、might cause greater scarcity of farm products
B、didn’t give the Secretary of Agriculture enough power
C、would benefit neither the government nor the farmers
D、benefited one group of citizens at the expense of others
答案D
解析 本题问美国最高法院反对《美国农业调整法案》是因为他们认为法案怎么样。文章第3段后半部分说，该法案被宣布违宪是因为用对公众征收的税去支付给一个特殊的群体。文章倒数第3句说：该法案以保护水土的名义被通过，因为水土保护符合全体国民的利益，而非以牺牲其他公民的利益为代价来维护农民的利益。所以D项正确。
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