2. 考研
  3. Two to three times more people die in alcohol-related vehicle crashes during that time than during comparable periods the rest o

Two to three times more people die in alcohol-related vehicle crashes during that time than during comparable periods the rest o

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问题 Two to three times more people die in alcohol-related vehicle crashes during that time than during comparable periods the rest of the year, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism says. And 40% of traffic fatalities during winter holidays involved an alcohol-impaired driver, compared with 28% for other dates in December.
　　Fueling the underage drinking problem, especially at this time of the year, is "a combination of greater access to alcohol, less parental oversight and mixed messages" about celebrating with alcohol, Delany says. Young people are told "don’t drink, don’t do that, but in every third commercial in recent weeks, we see something linked to alcohol and drinking," he says. And there’s also the issue of "what kind of message parents may give," Delany adds. "Maybe they’re drinking a lot. Kids see that it’s OK." What is needed is a long-term message "that underage drinking is not OK," he says. "But adolescents don’t do well with "Just say no." We have to find ways to help young people make good decisions."
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答案 国家酒精滥用与酗酒问题研究中心公布的数据显示，每年冬季节假日期间酗酒导致的交通事故死亡的人数是其他节假日期间的2至3倍。冬季节假日40%的交通伤亡与驾驶员酗酒有关，而这一比率在12月份的非节假日时期只占28%。 　　Delany认为未成年人饮酒问题，尤其是在每年冬季节假日的饮酒问题，是多方面因素刺激造成的：有节假日期间未成年人更容易得到酒精饮品的因素，也有父母在节假日放松了对子女监管以及成年人的所谓“无酒不成席”思想对子女的误导有关。Delany说，家长告诉年轻人“不许喝酒，不许接触酒精，但每逢冬季圣诞节和新年的几周假期间平均每三个广告中就有一个与酒精和饮酒相关的广告”。Delany进一步补充，“同时，未成年人饮酒问题也与父母对此问题的态度有关，或许父母本身经常饮酒，孩子们看到大人饮酒就会去效仿。我们需要向未成年人传递一种未成年人不许饮酒的长效如一的信息。但是对青少年简单地说不许做是不够的，我们需要想办法帮助年轻人对饮酒问题做出正确的判断。”
解析     这段文字翻译首先要注意的一点是一些名词、代词的前后对应指代关系，考试时我们要翻译的文章篇幅不大，大多为一篇文章的节选，虽然节选与其他部分相对独立，但段落内部与段落之间的相互指代，尤其是名词、代词的前后对应对于我们准确理解原文意思非常重要。动词也有前后指代，也就是对一个不熟悉的词，可能通过前后文的解释，或近义、同义、反义等词推断出词义来；还有一点需要考生注意的是英语的习惯是忌讳同一词上下文重复出现(特殊修辞要求除外)，而代之以代词或近义、同义词。本文就多次出现underage，young people，adolescent，kids等不同说法来指代未成年人。
　　第一段中用了两个比较的表达方法：comparable和compared，都有被动意义，翻译时可根据汉语表达要求进行词类转换选择适当的词性，而不一定拘泥于英语的词性限制。第二段第一句话Fueling the underage drinking problem, especially at this time of the year, is "a combination of greater access to alcohol, less parental oversight and mixed messages" about celebrating with alcohol, Delany says.英语意思较为简单，翻译时需要注意有时原文由于有上下文关系省略的部分，翻译时根据需要可以进行适当的增译或补译，这也是翻译中常使用的一种技巧。第二段的long-term message翻译时也应考虑这一技巧，结合上下文语境翻译成“长效如一的信息”虽有重复之嫌，但语义更为完整、准确，表达上也符合汉语习惯。第二段中的直接引语(“”中部分)翻译时也未必一定要译成直接引语，可根据表达需要酌情变通，应以准确表达原文意思为主要考虑。
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