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  3. Though agreeing with Descartes that consciousness and extension are qualitatively distinct, Spinoza’s dual-aspect theory

Though agreeing with Descartes that consciousness and extension are qualitatively distinct, Spinoza’s dual-aspect theory

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问题        Though agreeing with Descartes that consciousness and extension are
       qualitatively distinct, Spinoza’s dual-aspect theory denied that consciousness
       and extension are inherent characteristics of two finite substances, treating
Line     them instead as attributes of the infinite substance of a transcendent
(5)      intelligence. While mental occurrences can dictate only other mental
       occurrences and physical motions can determine only other physical motions,
       mind and body exist in pre-established coordination, since the same self-
       consistent intelligence establishes affinities and connections within both classes.
       Another alternative, psychophysical parallelism, retains both the dualism of
(10)     mind and body and the notion of a regular correlation between mental and
       physical events, but avoids any assumption of causal mind-body connection,
       direct or indirect. Psychophysical parallelism eschews interactionism, stating
       that mental and physical could not possibly affect one another, and also rejects
       occasionalism and dual-aspect theory on the grounds that no third entity,
(15)     including a transcendent intelligence,  could be responsible for such vastly
       different effects. Parallelists accept only pure correlations, not causation,
       between mental and physical events.
It can be inferred from the passage that dual-aspect theory relies on what key assumption concerning the "transcendent intelligence" to establish the connection between mental and physical occurrences?
选项 A、The intelligence is omniscient with regard to mental and physical occurrences, envisioning all acts of causation in advance.
B、The intelligence transcends consciousness and extension, but not other categories of substance.
C、Only infinite substances can establish a unity of finite substances, whether that of a mental or physical nature.
D、The intelligence exists in a state of invariable consistency, allowing the synthesis of different metaphysical categories.
E、The intelligence is the only means of establishing a common category between distinct consciousnesses.
答案D
解析
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