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  3. The United States court system, as part of the federal system of government, is characterized by dual hierarchies: there are bot

The United States court system, as part of the federal system of government, is characterized by dual hierarchies: there are bot

admin2014-03-21  56
问题     The United States court system, as part of the federal system of government, is characterized by dual hierarchies: there are both state and federal courts. Each state has its own system of courts, composed of civil and criminal trial courts, sometimes intermediate courts of appeal, and a state supreme court. The federal court system consists of a series of trial courts (called district courts) serving relatively small geographic regions (there is at least one for every state), a tier of circuit courts of appeal that hear appeals from many district courts in a particular geographic region, and the Supreme Court of the United States. The two court systems are to some extent overlapping, in that certain kinds of disputes (such as a claim that a state law is in violation of the Constitution) may be initiated in either system. They are also to some extent hierarchical, for the federal system stands above the state system in that litigants (persons engaged in lawsuits) who lose their cases in the state supreme court may appeal their cases to the Supreme Court of the United States.
    Thus, the typical court case begins in a trial court? a court of general jurisdiction? in the state or federal system. Most cases go no further than the state or federal system. Most cases go no further than the trial court: for example, the criminal defendant is convicted (by a trial or a guilty plea) and sentenced by the court and the case ends; the personal injury suit results in a judgement by a trial court (or an out-of-court settlement by the parties while the court suit is pending) and the parties leave the court system. But sometimes the losing party at the trial court cares enough about the cause that the matter does not end there. In these cases, the "loser" at the trial court may appeal to the next higher court.
Which of the following is most likely to be the subject of the paragraph following the passage?
选项 A、The process of an appeal.
B、Out-of-court settlements.
C、The state court structure.
D、Sentencing procedures.
答案A
解析 推理题。需要根据文章的内容和结构进行分析。第二段谈了典型案件，结束时谈到上诉问题，下文有可能谈上诉的程序，这样段落之间才有较好的衔接。
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