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  3. Many advocates of a universal healthcare system in the United States look to Canada for their model. While the Canadian healthca

Many advocates of a universal healthcare system in the United States look to Canada for their model. While the Canadian healthca

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问题     Many advocates of a universal healthcare system in the United States look to Canada for their model. While the Canadian healthcare system has much to recommend it, there’s another model that has been too long neglected. That is the healthcare system in France.
    (1) Although the French system faces many challenges, the World Health Organization rated it the best in the world in 2001 because" of its universal coverage, responsive healthcare providers, patient and provider freedoms, and the health and longevity of the country’s population. The United States ranked 37.
    The French system is also not inexpensive. At $ 3,500 per capita it is one of the most costly in Europe, yet that is still far less than the $ 6,100 per person in the United States.
    (2) The French share Americans’ distaste for restrictions on patient choice and they insist on autonomous private practitioners rather than a British-style national health service, which the French dismiss as "socialized medicine". Virtually all physicians in France participate in the nation’s public health insurance, Securite Sociale.
    Their freedoms of diagnosis and therapy are protected in ways that would make their managed-care-controlled US counterparts envious. However, the average American physician earns more than five times the average US wage while the average French physician makes only about two times the average earnings of his or her compatriots. (3) But the lower income of French physicians is allayed by two factors. Practice liability is greatly diminished by a tort-averse legal system, and medical schools; although extremely competitive to enter, are tuition-free. Thus, French physicians enter their careers, with little if any debt and pay much lower malpractice insurance premiums.
    Nor do France’s doctors face the high nonmedical personnel payroll expenses that burden American physicians. Securite Sociale has created a standardized and speedy system for physician billing and patient reimbursement using electronic funds.
    (4) It’s not uncommon to visit a French medical office and see no nonmedical personnel. What a concept. No back office army of billing specialists who do daily battle with insurers’ arcane and constantly changing rules of payment.
    National health insurance in France stands upon two grand historical bargains—the first with doctors and a second with insurers.
    Doctors only agreed to participate in compulsory health insurance if the law protected a patient’s choice of practitioner and guaranteed physicians’ resistance by permitting the nation’s already existing insurers to administer its new healthcare funds. Private health insurers are also central to the system as supplemental insurers who cover patient expenses that are not paid for by Securite Sociale.
    In fact, in France, the sicker you are, the more coverage, care, and treatment you get. Like all healthcare systems, the French confront ongoing problems. (5) Today French reformers’ number one priority is to move health insurance financing away from payroll and wage levies because they hamper employers’ willingness to hire. Instead, France is turning toward broad taxes on earned and unearned income alike to pay for healthcare.
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答案但是两方面的因素弥补了法国医生的收人低的情形。反侵权法律制度大大减小了实践责任。另外，尽管进入医学院的竞争极其激烈，但其学费是全免的。因此，法国医生就业时很少欠债，所付的医疗事故保险费非常少。
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