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  3. There are two kinds of memory: short-term and long-term. Information in longterm memory can be remembered at a later time when i

There are two kinds of memory: short-term and long-term. Information in longterm memory can be remembered at a later time when i

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问题     There are two kinds of memory: short-term and long-term. Information in longterm memory can be remembered at a later time when it is needed. The information may be kept for days or weeks. However, information in short-term memory is kept for only a few seconds, usually by repeating the information over and over. The following experiment shows how short-term memory has been studied.
    Henning studied how students who are learning English as a second language remember vocabulary. The subjects in his experiment were 75 college students. They represented all levels of ability in English; beginning, intermediate, advanced, and native-speaking students.
    To begin, the subjects listened to a recording of a native speaker reading a paragraph in English. Following the recording, the subjects took a 15-question test to see which words they remembered. Each question had four choices. The subjects had to circle the word they had heard in the recording. Some of the questions had four choices that sound alike. For example, weather, whether, wither, and wetter are four words that sound alike. Some of the questions had four choices that have the same meaning. Method, way, manner, and system would be four words with the same meaning. Finally the subjects took a language proficiency test.
    Henning found that students with a lower proficiency in English made more of their mistakes on words that sound alike; students with a higher proficiency made more of their mistakes on words that have the same meaning. Henning’s results suggest that beginning students hold the sound of words in their short-term memory, while advanced students hold the meaning of words in their short-term memory.  
From Henning’s results we can see that______.
选项 A、beginners have difficulty distinguishing the pronunciation of words
B、advanced students remember words by their meaning
C、it is difficult to remember words that sound alike
D、it is difficult to remember words that have the same meaning
答案B
解析 细节题。在文章中的最后一段讲的是此实验的结论，Henning发现英语水平低的学生容易把发音相近的词混淆，而英语水平高的学生容易在词义相近的词上犯错误。故而他总结出初学者在短期记忆时记忆的主要是词的音，而高水平者在短期记忆时主要记的是词的意义。这段话主要是区分beginners和advanced learners在短期记忆时所记忆的内容，并没有说音近词和意近词哪个更难记忆，故C项和D项都排除；文中说初学者容易把发音相近的词混淆，并不代表他们难以区分词的发音，因此A项不选；只可选择B，即高水平学写者是通过意思
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