2. 外语
  3. Psychologists who adopt a strong behaviorist position deny that emotion experiences are matters for scientific inquiry. In contr

Psychologists who adopt a strong behaviorist position deny that emotion experiences are matters for scientific inquiry. In contr

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问题      Psychologists who adopt a strong behaviorist position deny that emotion experiences are matters for scientific inquiry. In contrast, some biosocial theories hold that emotion feelings must be studied because they are the primary factors in organizing and motivating human behavior. According to these theories, most of the functions attributed to emotion expressions. Such as empathy and altruism, are dependent on the organizing and motivating properties of underlying emotion feelings. Emotion experiences have several other functions.
     Several lines of research have shown that induced emotion affects perception, learning, and memory. In one study, conducted by Carroll E. Izard and his students, subjects were made happy or angry and then shown happy and angry faces and friendly and hostile interpersonal scenes in a stereoscope. Happy subjects perceived more happy faces and friendly interpersonal scenes, and angry subjects perceived more angry faces and hospital interpersonal scenes. In this case, emotion apparently altered the basic perceptual process. In another study subjects were made happy or sad and then given happy and sad information about fictional persons and later asked to give their impressions and make judgments about the fictional characters. Overall, happy subjects reported more favorable impressions and positive judgments than sad subjects did. These studies provide evidence for the common wisdom that happy people are more likely to see the world through rose-colored glasses.
     An extensive series of studies indicated that positive emotion feelings enhance empathy and altruism. It was shown by the American psychologist Alice M. Isen that relatively small favors or bits or good luck (like finding money in coin telephone or getting an unexpected gift) induced positive emotion in people and that such emotion regularly increased the subjects’ inclination to sympathize or provide help.
     Several studies have demonstrated that positive emotion facilitates creative problem solving. One of these studies showed that positive emotion enabled subjects to name more uses for common objects. Another showed that positive emotion enhanced creative problem solving by enabling subjects to see relations among objects that would otherwise go unnoticed. A number of studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of positive emotion on thinking, memory, and action in preschool and older children.
The main topic of this passage is
选项 A、psychologists and their personality.
B、language and emotion.
C、researches on human emotion.
D、different types of human behavior.
答案C
解析 本题考查主旨大意。通读全篇内容就会发现，每一段都讲了对于人类情感问题的研究。第一段主要讲的是生物社会理论学家关于情感的看法。他们认为情感是组织激发人类行为的首要因素。在第二段，作者谈到，研究结果表明诱导的情感会影响感性认识、学习和记忆。在第三段，作者又提及美国心理学家的研究成果，即，积极的情感会激发出 empathy和altruism。作者进一步解释说，这样的情感有助于人们富有同情心或乐于助人。在第四段，作者又讲到，研究结果表明积极的情感有利于创造性地解决问题。最后作者又谈到，研究结果证明了积极的情感对于学前班和大一点的孩子的思维、记忆和行为所起的作用。因此，只有选项C 才是正确答案。
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