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  3. In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or

In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or

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问题     In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality, and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the "battle of the sexes".
    If the process goes too far and man’s role is regarded as less important—and that has happened in some cases—we are as badly off as before, only in reverse.
    It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of "Momism" but we don’t want to change it for a "neo-Popism."
    What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals. There are signs that psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit—nor all the blame. We have almost given up saying that a woman’s place is in the home. We are beginning, however, to analyze man’s place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child.
    The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems.
    Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is pertinent not only to a healthy democracy, but also to a healthy family.
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答案 在男女角色没有明显划分、家务事或多或少由双方共同承担的家庭中，男尊女卑的观点是很难维持的。双方共同承担家务和共同决策的模式造就了平等的观念，而平等的观念反过来又进一步促进了双方的共同承担。在这种家庭中长大的孩子，比他们的父母更容易接受平等的观念，并做好充分准备，去融入一个合作的、而不是“性别大战”的社会中。 如果离这个进程太远，认为男人的角色不那么重要了——在某些情况下已经发生了——我们就和以前一样严重偏离了，只不过方向正好相反。 是应该重新评价美国男人在家庭中的地位的时候了，我们对“妈妈主义”有些厌倦了，但是我们也不想把它换成“新爸爸主义”。 更确切地说，我们需要认识到的是，父母在抚养孩子的过程中是一种平等的合作关系。有一些迹象表明，精神病学家、心理学家、社会工作者和有关家庭方面的心理学家，更深刻地意识到男性在家庭中的作用，他们认为在涉及家庭方面的问题上不应该由女性承担所有的赞扬或指责。我们已经不再坚持认为女性就应该待在家里。我们开始分析男人在家庭里的地位，并且坚持认为他们在家庭中应该占有一席之地，这种地位与孩子的健康成长有直接的关系。 家庭是一个合作的事业，很难为它制定规则，因为每个家庭需要为解决自己的问题制定合适的方法。过度的命令主义会带来不良的后果，是穿衬衣呢还是穿裤子，理想的平等权利和平等责任不仅仅与健康的民主相关，更与健康的家庭相关。
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