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  3. Why is it that most of us can remember our precise surroundings the moment that we first learned of John Fitzgerald Kennedy’s as

Why is it that most of us can remember our precise surroundings the moment that we first learned of John Fitzgerald Kennedy’s as

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问题     Why is it that most of us can remember our precise surroundings the moment that we first learned of John Fitzgerald Kennedy’s assassination, the Challenger explosion or the fall of the Twin Towers, but not say, what grocery aisle we were standing in when the phone call came to remind us to pick up milk? What is it about the timing—or more specifically, the coincidence with intense experience—that seals in visual memories more effectively? That’s the question that a new study from psychologists at the University of Washington set out to answer.
    The study, published online recently in the open-access journal PLoS Biology included a series of four experiments. In each experiment, which included distinct participants, Jeffrey Y. Lin and colleagues showed study subjects 16 photographs depicting familiar landscapes. The first time, participants merely looked at the images; the second time, they were also asked to focus on a number shown in the middle of the image; the third time, they also had to make note of an auditory cue as they looked at the images; and finally, they were shown images with a number in the middle, but told to ignore the number and focus only on the scene depicted.
    Researchers found that, when shown an image later and asked to recall if it had been among those they’d already seen, subjects’ memory formation was consistently best when they had also been trying to concentrate on another task in both the second and third experiments, which involved viewing numbers or hearing audio tones while the images were presented, subjects formed clearer memories than in the first experiment—when they were simply instructed to look at the photos—and than in the fourth experiment—when they were shown numbers in the center of photos, but told to ignore them and focus on the images themselves.
    The findings suggest that it isn’t the novelty of what we’re seeing, but the experience that we are having while we look at something, that determines how well we store it away in our memories. Or, as the authors phrase it, the study results provide "evidence of a mechanism where traces of a visual scene are automatically encoded into memory at behaviorally relevant points in time regardless of the spatial focus of attention." When it comes to making memories, timing is of the essence.
The questions at the beginning of the text are intended to ________.
选项 A、describe a confusing phenomenon
B、show the complexity of our memory
C、draw forth the topic of this text
D、support the argument of the author
答案C
解析 题干的questions指第一段前两句提出的问题，这两个问题可概括为“我们为什么能够清楚地记得某些情况，却不记得另一些情况?”和“什么样的时机会加深记忆?”。第一段末句则指出第二个问题是某项研究的研究话题，第二段紧接着介绍了这项研究，所以可推知，这些问题是为了引出本文要讨论的话题，由此可判断C项符合题意。文章开头的问句“为什么能够清楚地记得……却不记得……?”提出了一个令人疑惑的状况，A项说的是问题本身，而不是其用意。B项所说的“记忆的复杂性”在文中没有提到，也与本文讨论的话题无关，属于无中生有。文章开头由两个问题引出对于时机和记忆是否有关联的思考，之后作者并没有直接提出观点，而是谈及下文的研究，所以不能把它们视为论据，因此可以排除D项。
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