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  3. Fasting glucose(葡萄糖)and insulin(胰岛素)levels remain within normal range for women using injectable or oral contraception, with onl

Fasting glucose(葡萄糖)and insulin(胰岛素)levels remain within normal range for women using injectable or oral contraception, with onl

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问题     Fasting glucose(葡萄糖)and insulin(胰岛素)levels remain within normal range for women using injectable or oral contraception, with only slight increases among women using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate(DMPA), commonly known as the birth control shot, according to new research from the University of Texas Medical Branch(UTMB Health)in Galveston.
    The study is published in the January 2011 issue of Obstetrics and Gynecology and conducted over three years. Researchers found that DMPA users’ glucose levels increased steadily during the first 30 months of use, with the greatest increase occurring during the first six months. The observed increases, which were less than those reported in previous studies, were not significant enough to cause concern.
    There are 62 million women of reproductive age in the United States. More than two million American women use DMPA, including approximately 400,000 teens, and more than 11 million use oral contraception.
    "Previous studies were limited in scope and offered conflicting results, which led physicians to question whether hormonal(荷尔蒙的, 激素的)contraception could lead to diabetes," says lead author Dr. Abbey Berenson, professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and director of the Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Women’s Health. "Further studies are needed to determine how women with diabetes are affected by DMPA and oral contraception, but these results are reassuring for non-diabetic women already receiving the shot or on the pill."
    The findings are the fourth in a series of UTMB Health studies published in Obstetrics and Gynecology that add to the growing literature enabling physicians to better counsel women accurately about the positive and adverse side effects associated with widely used forms of contraception. Other studies included in the series examined the effect of contraception on weight gain and bone density loss.
    In a study published in January 2010, Berenson and UTMB Health co-author Dr. Mahbubur Rahman examined the relationship between contraception and bone mineral density(BMD)loss. They found:
    Nearly half of women using DMPA experienced high BMD loss in the hip or lower spine within two years of beginning the contraceptive. Women using DMPA who smoke, have low levels of calcium intake and never gave birth were at the highest risk for BMD loss. High-risk women continued to experience significant loss in BMD during the third year of DMPA use, especially in the hip—the most common fracture site in elderly women. Age, race or ethnicity, previous contraceptive use and body mass index(BMI)were not associated with higher BMD loss.
    "Taken together, this body of research helps dispel myths surrounding birth control and shed light on side effects that had been anecdotally reported but not yet proven," says Berenson. "Physicians can now better explain the risks and benefits of various birth control methods and take appropriate action to protect patients’ long-term health, which may include switching to another contraception method."
The author’s attitude towards DMPA is one of______.
选项 A、objectiveness
B、condemnation
C、criticism
D、advocacy
答案C
解析 属态度推断题。作者在文中谈到了虽然使用DMPA同糖尿病的关系仍需更深入的研究，但其对身体健康是有影响的，尤其对骨骼的损失影响颇大。由此可看出，作者对其是不倡导、带有一定的批评态度的，故选项C符合题意。
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