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  3. The question of whether languages shape the way we think go back centuries; Charlemagne proclaimed that " to have a second【S1】

The question of whether languages shape the way we think go back centuries; Charlemagne proclaimed that " to have a second【S1】

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问题     The question of whether languages shape the way we think
go back centuries; Charlemagne proclaimed that  " to have a second【S1】________
language is to have a second soul".  But the idea went out of favor to【S2】________
scientists when Noam Chomsky’s theories of language gained popularity
in the 1960s and 1970s.  Dr.  Chomsky proposed that there was a【S3】________
universal grammar for all human languages—essentially, that languages
don’t really differ from one another in significant ways. And because
languages didn’t differ from one another, the theory went, it made none【S4】________
sense to ask whether linguistic differences led to differences in thinking.
The  search  for  the  linguistic  universals  yielded  interesting【S5】________
data on languages,  and  after  decades  of  work,   not  a  single【S6】________
proposing universal has withstood scrutiny. Instead, as linguists probed【S7】________
deeper into the world’s languages (7,000 or so, only a fraction of them
analyzed), innumerable predictable differences emerged.【S8】________
Of course, just because people talk differently doesn’t necessarily
mean they think differently. In the past decade, cognitive scientists have
begun to measure not just how people talk, also how they think, asking【S9】________
whether our understanding of even such fundamental domains of
experience that space,  time and causality could be constructed by【S10】________
language.
【S7】
选项
答案proposing—proposed
解析 非谓语动词误用。universal和propose之间是动宾关系，应该用过去分词修饰名词universal，故将proposing改为proposed。
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