2. 财经
  3. An industrial society，especially one as centralized and concentrated as that of Britain’is heavilv dependent on certain essentia

An industrial society，especially one as centralized and concentrated as that of Britain’is heavilv dependent on certain essentia

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问题 An industrial society，especially one as centralized and concentrated as that of Britain’is heavilv dependent on certain essential services：  for instance，  electricity supply，  water，  rail and road transport，and harbors．The area of dependency has widened to include removing rubbish，hospital and ambulance services，and，as the economy develops，central computer and information services as well．If any of these services ceases to operate，the whole economic system is in danger．
It is this economic interdependency of the economic system which makes the power of  trade unions such an important issue．Single trade unions have the ability to cut off many coun  trieg economic blood supply．This can happen more easily in Britain than in some other coun  tries，in part because the labor force is highly organized．About 5 5 percent of British workers  belong to unions，compared to under a quarter in the United States．
For historical reasons，  Britain’s unions have tended to develop along trade and occupational lines，rather than on anindustry—by-industry basis，which makes a wages policy，democracy in industry and the improvement of procedure for fixing wage levels difficult to achieve．
There are considerable strains and tensions in the trade union movement。sortie of them a rising from their outdated and inefficient structure．Some unions have lost many members because of their industrial changes．Others are involved in arguments about who should represent workers in new trades．Unions for skilled trades are separate from general unions，which means that different levels of wages for certain jobs are often a source of bad feeling between unions．In traditional trades which are being pushed out of existence by advancing technologies，unions can fight for their members’disappointing jobs to the point where the jobs of other union members are threatened or destroyed．The printing of newspapers both in the United States and in Britain has frequently been halted by the efforts of printers to hold on to their traditional highly-paid jobs．
  Trade unions have problems of internal communication j ust as managers in companies do，problems which multiply in very large unions or in those which bring workers in very different industries together into a single general union．
Some trade union officials have to be re—elected regularly；others are elected，or even appointed，for life．Trade union officials have to work with a system of”shop stewards”in many unions．”shop stewards”being workers elected by other workers as their representatives at factory or works level．
Because of their out-of-date organization some unions find it difficult to________．
选项 A、recruit new members to join
B、remold themselves as industries change
C、adapt to advancing technologies
D、bargain for high enough wages
答案B
解析 细节归纳题。本题问：由于组织结构老化，有些工会会遇到什么困难?解这类题要注意段落的主题句及其扩展句的综合归纳。第3段第1句写道：“在工会运动内部存在着巨大的压力和紧张情绪，其中有些问题是由于工会过时的、效率低下的组织结构产生的。”接着对此论点进行具体阐述并举例说明。可见，作者要说明，由于组织结构的落后性，有些工会发现很难随着行业的变化来改变其内部组织。故B符合题意。C项“适应先进的技术”是强干扰项．属概念偷换，因为文中指的是传统行业，而不是指有些工会。
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