首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
If ideas can symbolize the spirit of an age, then the symbol of the recent applied linguistic age is undoubtedly "language acqui
If ideas can symbolize the spirit of an age, then the symbol of the recent applied linguistic age is undoubtedly "language acqui
admin
2019-02-25
63
问题
If ideas can symbolize the spirit of an age, then the symbol of the recent applied linguistic age is undoubtedly "language acquisition". But what does this term mean? What exactly is "language acquisition"? For the moment we may characterize it as the process by which individuals "pick up" a language through exposure to it. There are two immediately obvious sorts of language acquisition. The first is L1(first language)acquisition, which every normal child manages at an early age. The second is FL(foreign language)acquisition where someone, a child or an adult, picks up a language, for example, while they are living in a target language country.
Chomsky’s ideas stimulated the interest in L1(and, indirectly, FL)acquisition that there has been over the past few decades. For him, L1 acquisition is a conundrum, even a miracle. The big question is: how is it that the very young child, so poorly developed in many areas, is able to learn the rudiments of their native language so quickly and so successfully? Chomsky’s answer was that the individual has a machine in the head, an LAD(Language Acquisition Device), that does the job for them.
The words "quickly and successfully" hold the key to one of the main reasons why applied linguists are interested in the acquisition idea. In an important article that appeared in 1968, Newmark and Reibel make the point that L1 acquisition is the quickest and most successful instance of language mastery that we know of. Since this is so, we might do well to study in some detail what is known about the L1 acquisition situation. What does the child do that makes acquisition so quick and successful? How do the adults who talk to the child behave? What assistance do they give to the acquisition process? What are the important aspects of the acquisition environment? Notice that though one of these questions is about the "organism" , the others are about the "environment" . This indicates that we are prepared to consider a role for the latter beyond that suggested by Chomsky.
The applied linguist Stephen Krashen is one of those largely responsible for interest in foreign language acquisition. In fact he argues that there are two quite distinct ways of mastering an FL, and he calls these acquisitions and learning. Acquisition first: he describes this process as a " natural" , subconscious one, where there is no "conscious focusing on linguistic forms"(of the sort that you find in most classrooms). It is what we have already informally called the process of " picking up " a language, just as you do if you go and live in the target language environment. Indeed Krashen says that the minimal condition for acquisition to occur is " participation in natural communication situations".
Learning, on the other hand, is a conscious process, and it usually takes place in the language classroom. For Krashen it is particularly marked by two characteristics. Firstly, there is error correction. When learners make mistakes, it is normal for the classroom teacher to draw explicit attention to them, and to correct the errors. The second characteristic is what Krashen calls rule isolation. In the language teaching classroom it is normal for a lesson(or part thereof)to focus on one language point. It may be a grammatical item like a particular tense, or a pronunciation point, or some "rule of use". The word isolation indicates that in this procedure language points are dealt with one by one.
Questions 66 to 70
Answer the following questions with the information given in the passage.
What are the two characteristics of learning according to Stephen Krashen?
选项
答案
Error correction and rule isolation.
解析
(最后一段明确说明了语言学习的两个特点,一是老师在课堂上会纠正学生的语言错误,二是会学习语言使用的规则。)
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.kaotiyun.com/show/Ux8K777K
本试题收录于:
B类竞赛(英语专业本科专科)题库大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)分类
0
B类竞赛(英语专业本科专科)
大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)
相关试题推荐
ThehistoryoftheAmericanpeopleis,inpart,thehistoryofthemovementoftheAmericanpeople.Theymovedfromthecolonies
Mercury,theplanetnearestthesun,isdifficulttoobservefromtheEarthbecauseitrisesandsetswithintwohoursofthesu
Ofalltheareasoflearningthemostimportantisthedevelopmentofattitudes.Emotionalreactionsaswellaslogicalthought
Veryfewpeoplecanget【D1】______before11,butMichaelwasan【D2】______.Hestartedhighschoolwhenhewas5,finishinginjus
WhenEnglishasaforeignlanguageistaughttochildrenattheprimaryandearlysecondarylevelsofeducation,itisgenerally
Interestinpursuinginternationalcareershassoaredinrecentyears,enhancedbychronic(长久的)personnelshortagesthatarecaus
Ithasbeensaidthateveryonelivesbysellingsomething.Inthelightofthisstatement,teacherslivebyselling【C1】kno______
Wemustmake______forhisaction,becauseheistooyoung.
Dr.Andersonisawarethatwestillhave______longwaytogoinimprovinghumanlivingconditionsandinfightingsickness______
随机试题
焊接梁的翼板和腹板的角焊缝时,通常采用()。
试述构成区域文化的几个因素。
患者拟行结肠镜检查,护士为其介绍口服硫酸镁清洁肠道的方法,患者询问其与口服甘露醇的不同之处。该护士合适的回答是
某年春节,村民张某和李某在自家门前放鞭炮庆祝过年,两家相隔一条街,鞭炮均被扔到街中间燃放。村民王某之予小王恰好路过,突然,一枚鞭炮向其飞来,并击中其眼,致使小王视力下降。由于张某和李某所燃放鞭炮均为同一型号,故无法判断究竟是哪家的鞭炮致使小王受到伤害。对小
每股收益越高,意味着股东可以从公司分得越高的股利。()
被誉为“现代设计之父”的是()。
自我效能感与成败经验有关,增加成败经验可提高自我效能感。()
某军事驻地有9名士兵陆续出现身体极度不适的症状。据调查,在距这9名士兵驻守点约200米处停有两辆被贫铀弹击毁的坦克。医生认为,这是由于他们吸入了贫铀弹爆炸产生的放射性粉尘。但有关专家反对说,贫铀弹击中目标后,其产生的放射性粉尘会沉降在爆炸点150米的范围内
甲、乙、丙、丁、戊五人去泳池游泳,游完上岸后都发现自己穿的拖鞋不是下水前的那双。已知甲穿的拖鞋不是丁和乙的,乙穿的拖鞋不是丙和丁的,丙穿的拖鞋不是戊和乙的,丁穿的拖鞋不是丙和戊的,戊穿的拖鞋不是丁和甲的,另外没有两个人互相穿了对方的拖鞋。那么谁穿了乙的拖鞋
Itisacommonplaceamongmoraliststhatyoucannotgethappinessbypursuingit.Thisisonlytrueifyoupursueit【C1】______
最新回复
(
0
)