2. 外语
  3. Public officials and candidates for public office routinely use public opinion polls to keep track of what the people are thinki

Public officials and candidates for public office routinely use public opinion polls to keep track of what the people are thinki

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问题    Public officials and candidates for public office routinely use public opinion polls to keep track of what the people are thinking. An important question is the degree to which these polls should guide leaders in their actions. There are arguments for and against the use of polls as the basis for policy decisions.
   Polls can contribute to effective government by keeping political leaders from getting too far out of line with the public’s thinking. In a democratic society, the effectiveness of a public policy often dep. ends on the extent of its public support. When a policy is contrary to the public’s desires, people may choose to disregard or undermine it, thus making it counterproductive or inefficient. Further, when government pursues a course of action with which a large proportion of the public disagrees, it risks a loss of public confidence, which can have a negative effect on its ability to lead. The Reagan administration, flying high from 1981 to 1985 ,was brought low in 1986 by public reaction to news of its secret sales of weapons to Iran. The administration had not paid sufficient attention to polls that revealed the deep antagonism American still felt toward Iran be cause the Ayatollah Khomeini’s regime has held sixty-three American hostages in 1979 - 1981.
   However, leaders can also do a disservice to the public they represent by using poll results as a substitute for policy judgment. "Effective government", as Walter Lippmann wrote, "cannot be conducted by legislators and officials who, when a question is presented, ask themselves first and last not what is the truth and which is the right and necessary course, but what does the Gallup Poll say?" During his presidential term, Jimmy Carter proposed five consecutive inflation-fighting programs, changing his plans with each shift in public sentiment without having invested the political capital necessary to get Congress and the country behind any of the efforts. The nation -- and Carter -- would probably have been better served by a steadfast commitment to a single course of action.
Paragraph 2 mainly implies that ______.
选项 A、Reagan lost a lot of support late in his administration
B、leaders should learn to win support for their policies
C、it is up to the leaders to determine the value of public opinion
D、public opinion polls are very important to a democratic society
答案D
解析 根据题干定位到第二段，此段主要讲述民意调查有助于政府高效率地执政，可见民意调查的重要性，因此选[D]民意调查在民主社会非常重要。[A]里根政府在其执政后期失去了公众的支持，这只是用来说明作者观点的一个例子；[B]执政者应该懂得赢得公众对其政策的支持，而文章强调的是政策应该顺应民意，而不是让民意去顺应政策；[C]由领导者决定民意的价值，与原文内容相反。
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