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  3. The technology of the North American colonies did not differ strikingly from that of Europe, but in one respect, the colonists e

The technology of the North American colonies did not differ strikingly from that of Europe, but in one respect, the colonists e

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问题     The technology of the North American colonies did not differ strikingly from that of Europe, but in one respect, the colonists enjoyed a great advantage．Especially by comparison with Britain，Americans had a wonderfully plentiful supply of wood．
    The first colonists did not, as many people imagine, find an entire continent covered by a continuous forest．Even along the Atlantic seaboard, the forest was broken at many points．Nevertheless, all sorts of fine trees abounded, and through the early colonial period, those who pushed westward encountered new forests．By the end of the colonial era, the price of wood had risen slightly in eastern cities, but wood was still extremely abundant．
    The availability of wood brought advantages that have seldom been appreciated． Wood was a foundation of the economy．Houses and all manner of buildings were made of wood to a degree unknown in Britain．Secondly, wood was used as a fuel for heating and cooking．Thirdly, it was used as the source of important industrial compounds, such as potash, an industrial alkali; charcoal, a component of gunpowder, and tannic acid, used for tanning leather．
    The supply of wood conferred advantages but had some negative aspects as well． Iron at that time was produced by heating iron ore with charcoal．Because Britain was so stripped of trees，she was unable to exploit her rich iron mines．But the American colonies had both iron ore and wood；iron production was encouraged and becamesuccessful. However, when Britain developed coke smelting, the colonies did not follow suit because they had plenty of wood and besides, charcoal iron was stronger than coke iron．Coke smelting led to technological innovations and was linked to the emergence of the Industrial Revolution．In the early nineteenth century, the former colonies lagged behind Britain in industrial development because their supply of wood led them to cling to charcoal iron．
What does the text mainly discuss?
选项 A、The roots of the Industrial Revolution．
B、The advantages of using wood in the colonies．
C、The difference between charcoal iron and coke iron．
D、The effects of an abundance of wood on the colonies．
答案D
解析 主旨题。文章首先指出美国拥有非常充足的木材供应，随后提到木 材带来的优势和负面影响，[D] “充足的木材对殖民地的影响”恰好是对主题 的概括，因此应选择[D] 。[A] “工业革命的根源”，[B] “殖民地应用木材的优 势”和[C] “木炭铁和焦炭铁的差别”均为文章中的细节。
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