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  3. Almost everybody wants to live as long as possible. And given the enormous strides made in medicine and the health sciences duri

Almost everybody wants to live as long as possible. And given the enormous strides made in medicine and the health sciences duri

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问题    Almost everybody wants to live as long as possible. And given the enormous strides made in medicine and the health sciences during the past 150 years, people could be forgiven for hoping that someday human beings will live, if not quite forever, at least far longer than at present. Since the mid 19th century, average life expectancy at birth has nearly doubled: from 40 years to 75. Today many people live past 100, and the oldest individuals have reached either 115 or 120, depending on whom you believe.
   So it comes as something of a surprise to be told by the experts that human beings have taken life about as far as it can go. That is the serious conclusion of a report in Science magazine last week by S. Jay Olshansky and Christine Cassel. Unless an unexpected breakthrough in basic science that would prevent the aging process, the era of rapid increases in human life span has come to an end, at least in developed countries. Even if science could cure heart disease and cancer, which account for nearly 50 percent of all deaths in the U. S. , it is unlikely that the average life expectancy at birth would increase much beyond 85.
   What makes the report so compelling is that it is based on simple mathematics. In the past, the upper limits of life have been guessed from actuarial tables by estimating how death rates would change if, say, the incidence of heart disease were halved. "We reversed the question," says Olshan sky. Taking an" engineering approach" his team members asked themselves how many death rates would have to be reduced in order to increase average life expectancy to 120 years. What they discovered, after running the numbers through a computer, was that big hits in current death rates in the U. S. would give only small lifts to life expectancy. For example, if some miracle of medicine can guarantee no one died before reaching age 50 (thus eliminating 12 percent of all deaths), the increase in average life expectancy would be only 3.5 years.
   There seems to be a kind of built-in biological limit programmed into the cells of the human body. In laboratory experiments, human cells divide only about 50 times before they begin to fall apart like old cars. This planned loss of use on nature’s part makes a certain amount of evolutionary sense. Survival of the fittest, after all, rewards only those who reproduce, not necessarily those who reach old age, Once reproduction is over, human bodies may as well be throwaway goods, biologically speaking.
According to Paragraph 2, which of the following statements is true?
选项 A、Human life span would probably not increase rapidly.
B、The human life span will increase more rapidly in developed country.
C、If heart disease and cancer could be cured, the average life span will increase more rapidly.
D、It is easy to prolong people’s life beyond 85 in developed country.
答案A
解析 根据文章第二段第三句可知除非在人们防止人们衰老的进程这样的基础科学领域有意想不到的突破，人类的寿命长度迅速增长的时代已经接近结束，至少在发达国家是这种情况。B与文意不符，因为文中没有提到在发达国家人们的寿命长度的增长速度更快，反而文章指出在发达国家寿命长度迅速增长的时代已经接近结束。C与文意不符，文章指出尽管科学上能够治疗心脏疾病和癌症，也不太可能把人的平均寿命提高到85以上。D与文意不符，文章认为不太可能把人的平均寿命提高到85以上，在发达国家也是不可能的。
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