首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Some rituals of modern domestic living vary little throughout the developed world. One such is the municipal refuse collection,
Some rituals of modern domestic living vary little throughout the developed world. One such is the municipal refuse collection,
admin
2016-01-30
77
问题
Some rituals of modern domestic living vary little throughout the developed world. One such is the municipal refuse collection, usually once a week, your rubbish bags or the contents of your bin disappear into the bowels of a special lorry and are carted away to the local tip. To economists, this ceremony is peculiar, because in most places it is free. Yes, households pay for the service out of local taxes. 【R6】______Yet the marginal cost of rubbish disposal is not zero at all. The more people throw away, the more rubbish collectors and trucks are needed, and the more the local council has to pay in landfill and tipping fees.
【R7】______But as Don Fullerton and Thomas Kinnaman, two American economists, have found, this seemingly easy application of economic sense to an everyday problem has surprisingly intricate and sometimes disappointing results. In the past few years, several American towns and cities have started charging households for generating rubbish. The commonest system is to sell stickers or tags which householders attach to rubbish bags or cans. Only bags with these labels are picked up in the weekly collection.
In the paper published last year Fullerton and Kinnaman studied the effects of one such scheme, introduced in July 1992 in Charlottesville, Virginia, a town of about 40,000 people. Residents were charged 80 cents for each sticker. This may sound like the sensible use of market forces. In fact, the authors conclude, the schemes benefits did not cover the cost of printing stickers, the sticker sellers commissions, and the wages of the people running the scheme. 【R8】______
This is inefficient: compacting is done better by machines at landfill sites than by individuals, however enthusiastically. The weight of rubbish collected in Charlottesville fell by a modest 14% .
【R9】______The one bright spot in all this seems to have been a 15% increase in the weight of materials recycled, suggesting that people chose to recycle free rather than pay to have their refuse carted away. But the fee may have little to do with the growth in recycling, as many citizens were already participating in Charlottesville’s voluntary recycling scheme.
【R10】______To discourage dumping, for instance, local councils might have to spend more on catching litters, or raise fines for littering, or cut the price of legitimate rubbish collection.
A. True, the number of bags or cans collected did fall sharply, by 37% between May and September 1992. But rather than buy more tags, people simply crammed more garbage — about 40% more into each container.
B. This looks like the most basic of economic misunderstandings: if rubbish disposal is free, people will produce too much rubbish. The obvious economic solution is to make households pay the marginal cost of disposing of their waste. That will give them an incentive to throw out less and recycle more.
C. City authorities are now considering a project to teach Government waste collectors the skills, such as what rubbish to collect and how to classify it. If approved, the project will help ease the financial burden of the city’s waste treatment.
D. It would be foolish to generalize from this one case, but the moral is clear, economic incentives sometimes produce unforeseen responses.
E. Less pleasing still, some people resorted to illegal dumping rather than pay to have their rubbish removed. This is hard to measure directly. But the authors, observing that a few households in the sample stopped putting rubbish out, guess that illegal dumping may account for 30% — 40% of the reduction in collected rubbish. F. But at the margin the price is zero: the family that fills four bins with rubbish each week pays no more than the elderly couple that fills one.
【R6】
选项
答案
F
解析
上下文语义和逻辑关系。本题空格出现在段中,应起到承上启下的作用。上文先提到一个现象。可见,整个段落内容围绕垃圾收集的经济费用展开,上文最后停留在普通家庭是付费的,下文转折后也指出是应该付费的。两者在逻辑上是一致的,因此空格处的内容若想承接下文的转折,只能和上下文都存在转折关系。选项F符合逻辑需要。
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.kaotiyun.com/show/UBGO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Inaperfectlyfreeandopenmarketeconomy,thetypeofemployer—governmentorprivate—shouldhavelittleornoimpactonthee
Businessandgovernmentleadersalsoconsidertheinflationratetobeanimportantgeneralindicator.Inflationisaperiodof
ThehistoryofAfrican—Americansduringthepast400yearsistraditionallynarrated【C1】______anongoingstraggleagainst【C
ThechangesingloballyaveragedtemperaturethathaveoccurredattheEarth’ssurfaceoverthepastcenturyaresimilarinsize
MostpeoplewouldbeimpressedbythehighqualityofmedicineavailabletomostAmericans.Thereisalotofspecialization,a
Myparents’househadanattic,thedarkestandstrangestpartofthebuilding,reach-ableonlybyplacingastepladderbeneath
Myparents’househadanattic,thedarkestandstrangestpartofthebuilding,reach-ableonlybyplacingastepladderbeneath
(四川大学2010年试题)Youprobablyknowthatit’sbetterforbothyouandtheenvironmentifyoubuyanorganictomatoinsteadofon
Allindividualsarerequiredto______tothelawsmadebytheirgovernments.
Everynightshelistenedtoherfathergoingaroundthehouse,lockingthedoorsandwindows.Shelistened:thebackdoorclosed
随机试题
A.发汗、解热、调整肠道运动B.抗菌、抗炎、杀虫、平喘止咳C.止血、收敛、止泻D.增强或调节机体免疫功能E.抗肿瘤、影响免疫系统咸味药的主要药理作用是()。
甲与乙签订房屋买卖合同,将一幢房屋卖与乙。双方同时约定,一方违约应支付购房款35%的违约金。但在交房前甲又与丙签订合同,将该房卖与丙,并与丙办理了过户登记手续。下列说法中哪些是正确的?
宣州自隋以后的1300多年间一直是州治、府治所在地,史称“徽州府”。()
犯罪过失是指行为人应当预见自己的行为可能发生危害社会的结果,但因为疏忽大意而没有预见,或者已经预见但轻信能够避免的心理态度。 根据上述定义,下列属于犯罪过失的是:
下列各项不是收入取得后的可能表现的是()。
商业信用是企业之间由于()而相互提供的信用。
Thewomanclimbedinthroughthewindowbecauseshewantedtohaveasleep.Thedriverclimbedinthroughthewindowtogetmon
TERSE:SUPERFLUITY::
A.severeB.generallyC.treatmentD.mistakenE.challengesF.disapproveG.matterH.rigorousI.magicJ.suspectedK.pub
CriticalThinkingandInnovativeWritingThetraditionalwayofteaching.studentsareurgedto【T1】________things.
最新回复
(
0
)