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  3. 　　(1)College students are more stressed out than ever before—at least according to the latest findings of a large, national surv

　　(1)College students are more stressed out than ever before—at least according to the latest findings of a large, national surv

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问题 　　(1)College students are more stressed out than ever before—at least according to the latest findings of a large, national survey that has been conducted annually for the last 25 years. The survey includes more than 200,000 students attending nearly 300 colleges and asks them to rate how their own mental health stacks up with their classmates’—for example, is it "above average" or in the "highest 10%"?
    (2)This somewhat unusual methodology typically results in the statistical Lake Woebegon effect in which most people tend to overestimate themselves in relation to others (it refers to the fictional Lake Woebegon, where "all the women are strong, all the men are good-looking and all the children are above average"). But the most recent results indicate that fewer and fewer freshmen feel like they are in top form in terms of coping with stress.
    (3)A quarter century ago, nearly 70% of freshmen put themselves in the top 10% of mentally stable people in their class; today only 52% rate themselves that highly, down 3 points since last year. Students’ self-esteem, however, is still strong: a full 71% of freshmen put themselves in the top 10% in terms of academic abilities. It’s hard to know what these numbers actually mean: obviously, it’s not mathematically possible for 52% or 71% of people to be in the top 10% of anything. And, as I explored earlier, people’s attempts to compare themselves with others are skewed (倾斜) in various ways. Nevertheless, the finding is in line with previous research, which found that almost half of all college students who seek counseling now have a major mental illness. That’s more than double the rate seen 10 years ago.
    (4)So what’s going on? Obviously, the economy and high unemployment rate make for a scary time to be in college, potentially facing terrifying levels of debt—that alone could account for the increase in stress.
    (5)Secondly, a much more rigorous large study recently found that empathy among college students had declined 40% since 2000—and since caring relationships are essential to mental and physical health, a decline in empathy could also produce a decline in mental health and coping.
    (6)My final point brings us back to my earlier post on a Stanford study that looked at the psychological effects of comparing ourselves to others. It found that the way people tend to conceal their negative emotions while broadcasting their happy ones makes the rest of us feel somehow "less than"—as though all our friends and neighbors have better lives than we do. Social media sites like Facebook and Twitter seem to have made these comparisons even more harmful by providing the perfect venue through which people can continually present a perfect version of themselves.
    (7)This phenomenon, too, might tie into why the new survey, "The American Freshman: National Norms," found that students are feeling less confident about their level of emotional and mental stability. If all the students around you are desperately trying to put on a happy face—and you perceive that face as a true reflection of their inner selves, even as you work to hide your own sadness—well, it’s not surprising
that so many students might be getting a bit stressed out.
    (8)Instead, if students were encouraged to feel safe expressing their honest emotions, even about their fears and failures, everyone might feel more connected, happier—and, yes, healthier.
What is true about the result of the survey?
选项 A、It didn’t manifest the typical Lake Woebegon effect.
B、The typical Lake Woebegon effect wasn’t expected.
C、The students underestimated themselves.
D、The students overestimated themselves.
答案A
解析 第2段第1句提到本次调查使用的方法可能会产生沃博艮湖效应，而下一句开头的But表明在本次调查中没有出现预料中的情况，也就是说，本次调查并没有完全显示出这个效应，因此，本题应选A。研究人员早就知道使用这种方法很可能会产生沃博艮湖效应，因此，选项B说“(他们)没想过会产生沃博艮湖效应’’是不正确的；第2段第1句提到“沃博艮湖效应”就是受试者通常对自己给予过高的评价。既然第2句提到该调查并没有出现典型的“沃博艮湖效应”。那就是说受试者并没有“高估”自己，因此，选项C不正确；他们没有高估自己，但不能因此就得出“低估自己”这一相反的结论。选项D也不正确。
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